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Anatomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three planes of the body?

A

median (midsagittal) - right and left
frontal (coronal) - front and back
transverse - upper and lower

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2
Q

what is anatomical position?

A

standing straight up and down
facing forwards
palms turned towards the front

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3
Q

what are the 2 diagnostic tests that image the body in all three planes?

A

MRI and CT scan
they are the gold standard in health care

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4
Q

What is the regional term for the head?

A

cephalic

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5
Q

what is the regional term for the chest?

A

thoracic

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6
Q

what is the regional term for the stomach?

A

abdominal

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7
Q

what is the regional term for the arm?

A

upper limb

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8
Q

what is the regional term for the hand?

A

manus

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9
Q

what is the regional term for the leg?

A

lower limb

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10
Q

what is the regional term for the foot?

A

pedal

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11
Q

what is the directional term for above?

A

superior (crainal)

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12
Q

what is the directional term for below?

A

inferior (caudal)

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13
Q

what is the directional term for in front?

A

anterior (ventral)

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14
Q

what is the directional term for behind?

A

posterior (dorsal)

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15
Q

what is the directional term for more middle?

A

medial

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16
Q

what is the directional term for away from the middle?

A

lateral

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17
Q

what is the directional term for something between medial and lateral structure?

A

intermediate

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18
Q

what is the directional term for something close to point of attachment?

A

proximal

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19
Q

what is the directional term for something far from a point of attachment?

A

distal

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20
Q

what is the directional term for something towards the surface of the body?

A

superficial (external)

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21
Q

what is the directional term for something away from the surface of the body?

A

deep (internal)

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22
Q

what are the 8 body cavities?

A

dorsal body cavity
ventral body cavity
cranial cavity
vertebral cavity
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
abdomino-pelvic cavity

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23
Q

what are the parts of the thoracic cavity?

A

superior mediastinum
pleural cavity (holds the lungs)
pericardial cavity (holds the heart)

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24
Q

what separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity?

A

the diaphragm

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25
Q

what are the 4 abdominal quadrants?

A

right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

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26
Q

what are the laying body positions?

A

supine (back)
prone (stomach)
left lateral recumbent
right lateral recumbent

27
Q

what is flexion?

A

movement in sagittal plane
decreasing an angle at a joint

28
Q

what is extention?

A

movement in the sagittal plane
increasing the angle at a joint

29
Q

what is abduction?

A

moving a limb in the frontal plane
moving away from the body

30
Q

what is adduction?

A

movement in the frontal plane
moving limb towards the body

31
Q

what is circumduction?

A

moving a limb in a circle at a joint

32
Q

what is a rotation?

A

movement around an axis in a circle motion
not a complete circle

33
Q

what is pronation?

A

happens at the wrist
turning palm down

34
Q

what is supination?

A

happens at the wrist
turning palm up

35
Q

what is dorsiflexion?

A

happens at the ankle joint
pointing toes up

36
Q

what is plantar flexion?

A

happens at the ankle joint
pointing toes down

37
Q

what is inversion?

A

happens at the ankle joint
inside of foot comes off of the ground

38
Q

what is eversion?

A

happens at the ankle joint
outside of foot comes off of the ground

39
Q

what is protraction?

A

movement at the jaw
moving jaw out

40
Q

what is retraction?

A

movement of the jaw
moving jaw in

41
Q

what is elevation?

A

movement of the jaw
moving jaw up

42
Q

what is depression?

A

movement of the jaw
moving jaw down

43
Q

what is opposition?

A

movement of the thumb
bringing a digit and the thumb together

44
Q

what is anatomy?

A

study of the structure of the human body

45
Q

what is anatomy closely related too?

A

physiology

46
Q

what is gross anatomy?

A

study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye

47
Q

how do you study gross anatomy?

A

by dissections

48
Q

what is regional anatomy?

A

all structures in a single region

49
Q

what is systemic anatomy?

A

all organs related to the same function?

50
Q

what is systemic anatomy best for?

A

relating structure to function

51
Q

what is surface anatomy?

A

study of shapes and markings on the surface of the body that reveal underlying organs

52
Q

what is microscopic anatomy?

A

study of structures that can only be viewed by a microscope

53
Q

what is microscopic anatomy important?

A

physiological and disease processes happen at the cellular level

54
Q

what is developmental anatomy?

A

structural changes that occur in the body through a life span and effects of aging

55
Q

what is embryology?

A

study of how body structures form and develop before birth

56
Q

what is pathological anatomy?

A

structural changes in cells, tissues and organs caused by disease

57
Q

what is radiographic anatomy?

A

study of internal body structures by means of a x ray and other imaging techniques

58
Q

what is the functional unit of the cellular level?

A

cells (cellular organelles)

59
Q

what are tissues?

A

groups of cells and extracellular material that work together to preform a function

60
Q

what are the 4 different types of tissues?

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscular tissue
nervous tissue

61
Q

what’s an organ system?

A

organs that work closely together

62
Q

what is angiography?

A

technique that produces images of blood vessels

63
Q
A

Anatomy (4 decks)

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