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A&P1 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four types of tissue

A

connective, muscle, epithelial, nervous

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2
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

long, fused cells
* multiple nuclei
* visible striations (you can see gaps)

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3
Q

Smooth muscle

A

spindle shaped
* single nuclei (more oval shaped)
* no visible striations

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4
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

branched & interconnected
* single nuclei (usually)
* visible striations
* only in the heart

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5
Q

layers of the skin and what are they made of

A
  1. epidermis (epithelial tissue)
  2. Dermis(dense irregular
    connective tissue)
  3. Hypodermis(loose connective tissue)
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6
Q

Epidermal Layers from superficial to deep

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosm
  4. Stratum spinosom
  5. Stratum basale
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7
Q

Keratin

A

Long & fibrous hydrophobic proteins
* Forms durable, water resistant
protein filaments

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8
Q

keratinization

A

New cells formed in Stratum Basale are pushed upwards away from source of nutrients & oxygen, accumulating more keratin. They undergo apoptosis and when they reach Stratum Corneum they slough off and are replaced by underlying cells going through keratinization.

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9
Q

Thick skin

A

Thick skin has a thinner dermis than thin skin, and does not contain hairs, sebaceous glands, or apocrine sweat glands
found:fingertips, palms and the soles of your feet. (where there is abrasion)

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10
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

ONLY in thick skin

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11
Q

What does melanin and melanocytes do for your skin

A

provides pigments making skin color and protects skin from sun to an extent

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12
Q

Uv rays effect skin how

A

UVA penetrates into the deeper skin layers(reticular layer of dermis), where connective tissue and blood vessels are affected.

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13
Q

Ultraviolet Radiation Damages
Chemical Bonds

A

Photons carry energy
* Energy can break
chemical bonds

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14
Q

papillary layer of dermis

A

highly vascular (blood vesicles to regulate body temp) right under the epidermis (loose connective tissue)

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15
Q

reticular layer of dermis

A

contains nerve follicles and endings, as well as sweat glands (dense irregular connective tissue)

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16
Q

What is hair made out of

A

Keratin

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17
Q

What do sebaceous glands do

A

Produce oil

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18
Q

What causes growth in the nail

A

Nail route pushes the nail(dead cells) to grow out

19
Q

Koilonychia

A

Spoon like nails caused by iron deficiency

20
Q

What can nails be indicators of

A

Disease

21
Q

hair matrix

A

Has the most mitotic activity

22
Q

nail root

A

Has the most mitotic activity

23
Q

Uv photons

A

Causes mutations in the RNA sequence changing the code on

24
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common skin cancer, low risk of spreading, come from the stratum basale

25
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

-abnormal keratin sites division and production
-Second most common skin cancer
-starts in the epidermidis and invades the dermis

26
Q

melanoma

A

Deadliest skin cancer, can spread easy to other organs
Easy to cure if you catch it before it spreads survival drop 70.6% if it spreads to lymph notes

27
Q

What are the melanomas ABC DES

A

a- asymmetric if only part is raised
b-border, if you can easily see where the bump ends
c-Color is dark red patches can even be blue or orange
d-diameter is greater than 6 mm or an eraser head
e- evolving making rapid changes in appearance

28
Q

skin protection functions

A

Cycle damage, pathogens, chemicals, moisture or water loss, UV light, high and low temperatures

29
Q

corns

A

Thick skin can be soft or hard and are often painful caused by friction

30
Q

Calus

A

Hard and thick, wider and not painful caused by friction

31
Q

Hyper keratosis can cause what

A

Keratin can cause a callous or corn

32
Q

blisters

A

Separation in the layers of skin which causes the blister to fill with fluid

33
Q

Pressure ulcers or bedsores

A

Caused by pressure of bone against a hard surface that pinches off blood vessels

34
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Bacteria affects an open wound

35
Q

1st Degree burn

A

Only affects the epidermidis

36
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Burned through some of the dermis it is the most painful because that’s where the nerves are

37
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Bern pass the dermis to the subcutaneous layer burns through the nerve so not as painful as second degree

38
Q

Vitamin D

A

Compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health

39
Q

Medulla

A

In hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

40
Q

Stretch mark

A

Mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits

41
Q

desmosome

A

Structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

42
Q

Root hair plexus

A

What structure of the hair or hair follicle lets you feel the wind blowing through your hair

43
Q

major function of the hypodermis

A

Stabilizing the position of the skin

A&P1 (5 decks)

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