Integumentary System Flashcards
what are the four types of tissue
connective, muscle, epithelial, nervous
Skeletal muscle
long, fused cells
* multiple nuclei
* visible striations (you can see gaps)
Smooth muscle
spindle shaped
* single nuclei (more oval shaped)
* no visible striations
Cardiac muscle
branched & interconnected
* single nuclei (usually)
* visible striations
* only in the heart
layers of the skin and what are they made of
- epidermis (epithelial tissue)
- Dermis(dense irregular
connective tissue) - Hypodermis(loose connective tissue)
Epidermal Layers from superficial to deep
- stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosm
- Stratum spinosom
- Stratum basale
Keratin
Long & fibrous hydrophobic proteins
* Forms durable, water resistant
protein filaments
keratinization
New cells formed in Stratum Basale are pushed upwards away from source of nutrients & oxygen, accumulating more keratin. They undergo apoptosis and when they reach Stratum Corneum they slough off and are replaced by underlying cells going through keratinization.
Thick skin
Thick skin has a thinner dermis than thin skin, and does not contain hairs, sebaceous glands, or apocrine sweat glands
found:fingertips, palms and the soles of your feet. (where there is abrasion)
Stratum lucidum
ONLY in thick skin
What does melanin and melanocytes do for your skin
provides pigments making skin color and protects skin from sun to an extent
Uv rays effect skin how
UVA penetrates into the deeper skin layers(reticular layer of dermis), where connective tissue and blood vessels are affected.
Ultraviolet Radiation Damages
Chemical Bonds
Photons carry energy
* Energy can break
chemical bonds
papillary layer of dermis
highly vascular (blood vesicles to regulate body temp) right under the epidermis (loose connective tissue)
reticular layer of dermis
contains nerve follicles and endings, as well as sweat glands (dense irregular connective tissue)
What is hair made out of
Keratin
What do sebaceous glands do
Produce oil
What causes growth in the nail
Nail route pushes the nail(dead cells) to grow out
Koilonychia
Spoon like nails caused by iron deficiency
What can nails be indicators of
Disease
hair matrix
Has the most mitotic activity
nail root
Has the most mitotic activity
Uv photons
Causes mutations in the RNA sequence changing the code on
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common skin cancer, low risk of spreading, come from the stratum basale
Squamous cell carcinoma
-abnormal keratin sites division and production
-Second most common skin cancer
-starts in the epidermidis and invades the dermis
melanoma
Deadliest skin cancer, can spread easy to other organs
Easy to cure if you catch it before it spreads survival drop 70.6% if it spreads to lymph notes
What are the melanomas ABC DES
a- asymmetric if only part is raised
b-border, if you can easily see where the bump ends
c-Color is dark red patches can even be blue or orange
d-diameter is greater than 6 mm or an eraser head
e- evolving making rapid changes in appearance
skin protection functions
Cycle damage, pathogens, chemicals, moisture or water loss, UV light, high and low temperatures
corns
Thick skin can be soft or hard and are often painful caused by friction
Calus
Hard and thick, wider and not painful caused by friction
Hyper keratosis can cause what
Keratin can cause a callous or corn
blisters
Separation in the layers of skin which causes the blister to fill with fluid
Pressure ulcers or bedsores
Caused by pressure of bone against a hard surface that pinches off blood vessels
Necrotizing fasciitis
Bacteria affects an open wound
1st Degree burn
Only affects the epidermidis
2nd degree burn
Burned through some of the dermis it is the most painful because that’s where the nerves are
3rd degree burn
Bern pass the dermis to the subcutaneous layer burns through the nerve so not as painful as second degree
Vitamin D
Compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health
Medulla
In hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix
Stretch mark
Mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits
desmosome
Structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells
Root hair plexus
What structure of the hair or hair follicle lets you feel the wind blowing through your hair
major function of the hypodermis
Stabilizing the position of the skin
