Biomolecules & Cell Biology Flashcards
Nucleic Acids
Long chains of
nucleotides
* DNA–DeoxyriboNucleicAcid
* RNA–RiboNucleic Acid
Carbohydrates
monosaccharides polysaccharide(Polymer)
-glycogen
Lipids (fats and oils)
triglycerides (fatty acids)*
Proteins
amino acids-building block of protein
polypeptide (Polymer)
Nucleic acids
nucleotides
DNA; RNA
peptide bonds
link amino acids (NH2)
glycoproteins
mACROMOLECULE:carbohydrates + large proteins
–e.g., enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and
mucins (found in mucus)
proteoglycans
Macromolecule: polypeptides + large polysaccharides
–Promote viscosity
glycolipids
Macromolecules:–carbohydrate chains + lipids
–Found in cell membranes
polypeptide
polymer of amino acids
Centrosome and Centrioles
move chromosomes during cell division; organizes microtubules in cytoskeleton
Chromatin
consists of DNA and associated proteins
Cytoskeleton
proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes that give strength and support to a cell’s structure; allows movement of cell materials
Microfilament
thinnest of the cytoskeletal filaments;
composed of actin; function in cellular
structural support and muscle contraction
pinocytosis
Endocytosis of fluid
channel protein
Membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore which allows the passage of one or more substances
facilitated diffusion
A type of process that moves chemicals through the plasma membrane following their concentration gradient and using a carrier is called __________.
Passive transport processes
not require energy input and move molecules or ions down their concentration gradient, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This includes processes like diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that it
Cell membrane transport proteins are needed.
Substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen
organic compound
ATP
compound that stores energy in high-energy bonds between phosphate groups
Triglycerides
type of lipid is used as an energy reserve for storing fatty acids in our bodies
Helicase
Enzyme that functions to separate the two DNA strands of a double helix during DNA replication
nucleosome
Unit of chromatin consisting of a DNA strand wrapped around histone proteins
transcription factor
Type of protein that directly regulates the transcription of genes by binding to DNA
peroxisome
organelle absorbs and breaks down fatty acids and other organic compounds
cytokinesis
the even division and redistribution of the proteins and molecules of the cytoplasm
