Biomolecules & Cell Biology

Question 1

Nucleic Acids

Answer 1

Long chains of
nucleotides
* DNA–DeoxyriboNucleicAcid
* RNA–RiboNucleic Acid

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

monosaccharides polysaccharide(Polymer)
-glycogen

Question 3

Lipids (fats and oils)

Answer 3

triglycerides (fatty acids)*

Question 4

Proteins

Answer 4

amino acids-building block of protein
polypeptide (Polymer)

Question 5

Nucleic acids

Answer 5

nucleotides
DNA; RNA

Question 6

peptide bonds

Answer 6

link amino acids (NH2)

Question 7

glycoproteins

Answer 7

mACROMOLECULE:carbohydrates + large proteins
–e.g., enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and
mucins (found in mucus)

Question 8

proteoglycans

Answer 8

Macromolecule: polypeptides + large polysaccharides
–Promote viscosity

Question 9

glycolipids

Answer 9

Macromolecules:–carbohydrate chains + lipids
–Found in cell membranes

Question 10

polypeptide

Answer 10

polymer of amino acids

Question 11

Centrosome and Centrioles

Answer 11

move chromosomes during cell division; organizes microtubules in cytoskeleton

Question 12

Chromatin

Answer 12

consists of DNA and associated proteins

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes that give strength and support to a cell’s structure; allows movement of cell materials

Question 14

Microfilament

Answer 14

thinnest of the cytoskeletal filaments;
composed of actin; function in cellular
structural support and muscle contraction

Question 15

pinocytosis

Answer 15

Endocytosis of fluid

Question 16

channel protein

Answer 16

Membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore which allows the passage of one or more substances

Question 17

facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

A type of process that moves chemicals through the plasma membrane following their concentration gradient and using a carrier is called __________.

Question 18

Passive transport processes

Answer 18

not require energy input and move molecules or ions down their concentration gradient, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This includes processes like diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Question 19

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that it

Answer 19

Cell membrane transport proteins are needed.

Question 20

Substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen

Answer 20

organic compound

Question 21

ATP

Answer 21

compound that stores energy in high-energy bonds between phosphate groups

Question 22

Triglycerides

Answer 22

type of lipid is used as an energy reserve for storing fatty acids in our bodies

Question 23

Helicase

Answer 23

Enzyme that functions to separate the two DNA strands of a double helix during DNA replication

Question 24

nucleosome

Answer 24

Unit of chromatin consisting of a DNA strand wrapped around histone proteins

Question 25

transcription factor

Answer 25

Type of protein that directly regulates the transcription of genes by binding to DNA

Question 26

peroxisome

Answer 26

organelle absorbs and breaks down fatty acids and other organic compounds

Question 27

cytokinesis

Answer 27

the even division and redistribution of the proteins and molecules of the cytoplasm