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Anatomy and Physiology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Body Membranes

A

Cover body surfaces
Line Body Cavities
Form protective sheets

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2
Q

Body Membranes classification

A

Epithelial Membranes and Connective Tissue membranes

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3
Q

Also known as “Covering and Lining Membranes.”

A

Epithelial Membranes

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4
Q

Class of Epithelial Membranes that is the outermost protective boundary of the body; the skin; dry membrane

A

Cutaneous membrane

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5
Q

Components of cutaneous membrane

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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6
Q

Class of Epithelial Membranes that moist membranes;
for absorption and secretion;
line all body cavities OPEN to the exterior body surface

A

Mucous membranes

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7
Q

Components of mucous membranes

A

Epithelium and
Loose connective tissue

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8
Q

Layer of connective tissues in mucous membranes

A

Loose connective tissue

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9
Q

Rich in capillaries, lymphocytes, and other immune cells

A

Lamina Propria

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10
Q

Line open body cavities CLOSED to the exterior of the body;
Organs in the Thoracic and abdominal cavity

A

Serous Membranes

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11
Q

Occurs in pairs, Visceral layer and Parietal layer, separated by serous fluid

A

Serous membranes

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12
Q

Components of serous membranes

A

Loose connective tissue and
Simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

“Synovial membranes”

A

Connective tissue membranes

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14
Q

Why is the component of connective tissue membranes only the loose areolar connective tissue

A

Because there is no epithelial tissue present

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15
Q

Fluid-filled sacs lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary of viscous synovial fluid

A

Bursae

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16
Q

Components of the Integumentary system

A

Skin
Skin appandages (sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails)

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17
Q

Functions of skin

A

Protects deeper tissues;
Aids in body heat loss or heat retention;
Aids in excretion or urea and uric acid;
Synthesizes Vitamin D

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18
Q

Skin protects deeper tissues from..

A

Mechanical Damage (Bumps);
Chemical Damage (Acids and Bases);
Microbe Damage;
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation;
Thermal Damage;
Desiccation

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19
Q

Activates sweat glands by allowing blood to flush into skin capillary beds;
Heat RADIATES from the skin surface

A

Heat loss

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20
Q

INHIBITS blood flushing into skin capillary beds.

A

Heat retention

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21
Q

2 tissues that makes up the skin

A

Epidermis and
Dermis

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22
Q

Subcutaneous layer;
Technically not part of the integumentary system

A

Hypodermis

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23
Q

Shock absorber;
Insulates deeper tissues

A

Hypodermis

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24
Q

Outer layer of skin;
Stratified Squamous Epithelium;
Capable of being hard;
Contains Keratinocytes; Composed of 5 layers

A

Epidermis

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25
Q

Layers of the epidermis (Deepest to superficial)

A

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum

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26
Q

Deepest layer of epidermis;
Made up of a single layer of cells

A

Stratum Basale

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27
Q

Cells in this region become increasingly flat and more keratinized;
Contains Langerhans cells;
Spiky projections

A

Stratum Spinosum

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28
Q

Cell membrane thickens in this region;
Result of the accumulation of keratin and keratohyalin;
Cell starts to die

A

Stratum Granulosum

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29
Q

Dead cells of the deeper strata;
Cells are densely packed with eleidin;
Occurs only in thich hairless skin of the palms and soles

A

Stratum Lucidum

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30
Q

A protein derived from keratohyalin that gives the layer a translucent appearance

A

Eleiden

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31
Q

Outermost layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum

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32
Q

The entire layer of stratum corneum is replaced in a span of

A

4 weeks

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33
Q

A pigment produced by melanocytes;
Mostly located in the stratum basale;
Yellow to brown to black

A

Melanin

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34
Q

Alert and activate the immune cells to a threat

A

Epidermal Dendictric cells

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35
Q

Associated with sensory nerve endings;
Touch receptors

A

Merkel cells

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36
Q

Consists of connective tissue;
Underlies the epidermis

A

Dermis

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37
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

Papillary layer and
Reticular layer

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38
Q

Upper dermal layer;
“Dermal Papillae”;
Made up of Areolar connective tissue

A

Papillary layer

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39
Q

Contain capillary loops, pain, and touch receptors

A

Dermal Papillae

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40
Q

Identifying films of sweat

A

Fingerprints

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41
Q

Deepest skin layer;
Contains reticular and collagen fibers;
Contains blood vessels, sweat, and oil glands

A

Reticular layer

42
Q

Three pigments that contribute to skin color

A

Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin

43
Q

Yellow, reddish brown, or black

A

Melanin

44
Q

Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables;
Located in the stratum corneum or hypodermis

A

Carotene

45
Q

Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries

A

Hemoglobin

46
Q

Manifested skin color due to embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever, or allergy.

A

Redness / Erythema

47
Q

Manifested skin color due to emotional stress (fear, anema, low blod pressure, or impaired blood)

A

Pallor / Blanching

48
Q

Skin color indication of liver disorder

A

Jaundice (Yellow cast)

49
Q

Hematomas

A

Bruises (Blue and black marks)

50
Q

Secretes substances to the surface through ducts

A

Cutaneous glands

51
Q

Cutaneous gland that is located all over the skin except palms and soles;
Produces sebum (oil)

A

Sebaceous glands

52
Q

Cutaneous glands that produce sweat;
Widely distributed in the skin

A

Sweat (Sudoriferous) glands

53
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine glands and
Apocrine glands

54
Q

Open onto the skin’s surfaces via duct to sweat pores;
Produce acidic sweat;
Body temperature regulation

A

Eccrine glands

55
Q

Ducts empty into hair follicles in the armpits and genitals;
Release sweat that contains fatty acids and proteins

A

Apocrine glands

56
Q

Produced by hair follicle;
Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells

A

Hair

57
Q

Provide pigment for hair color

A

Melanocytes

58
Q

Hair anatomy (regions)

A

Central Medulla, Cortex, and Cuticle

59
Q

Most heavily keratinized region of the hair

A

Cuticle

60
Q

Composed of an epithelial root sheath and fibrous sheat;
The dermal region that provides a blood supply to the hair bulb

A

Hair follicle

61
Q

Connects to the hair follicle;
Pulls hair upright when cold or frightened

A

Arrector pili muscle

62
Q

Heavily keratinized, scalelike modifications of the epidermis

A

Nails

63
Q

Responsible for growth of nails

A

Stratum Basale extends beneath the nail bed

64
Q

Parts of nail

A

Free edge, Body, Nail folds, Cuticle, Root of nail, Lunule

65
Q

Visible attached portion of nail

A

Body

66
Q

Skin folds that overlap the edges of the nail

A

Nail folds

67
Q

Nail fold at the proximal edge

A

Cuticle

68
Q

Part of a nail that is embedded in the skin

A

Root of nail

69
Q

Part of nail matrix;
Whiter because the epidermis is thicker

A

Lunule

70
Q

Fungal infection (Tinea pedis);
Itchy, red peeling skin between the toes

A

Athlete’s foot

71
Q

Inflammation of the hair follicles

A

Boils (Furuncles) and Carbuncles

72
Q

Clusters of boils caused by bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus)

A

Carbuncles

73
Q

Caused by human Herpes virus;
Blisters itch and sting

A

Cold sores (Fever blisters)

74
Q

Caused by exposure to chemicals provoking allergic responses;
Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin

A

Contact Dermatitis

75
Q

Caused by bacterial infection;
Pink, fluid-filled raised lesions around mouth and/or nose

A

Impetigo

76
Q

Triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, or stress;
Red, epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, or bleed

A

Psoriasis

77
Q

Tissue damage and cell death;
Caused by heat, electricity UV radiation, or chemicals

A

Burns

78
Q

Associated dangers of burns

A

Protein denaturation and cell death;
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance;
Circulatory shock;
Resulting in Loss of body fluids, and infection

79
Q

Criteria for critical burns

A

30% of body has second degree burns;
10% has third-fourth degree burns;
Third or fourth degree burns of the face, hands, feet, or genitals;
Burns affect the airways;
Circumferential burns

80
Q

Type of burn where only the epidermis is damaged;
Skin is red and swollen

A

First-degree burn (Superficial burn)

81
Q

Type of burn where epidermis and superficial part of the dermis is damaged;
Skin is red, painful, and blistered

A

Second-degree burn (Partial-thickness burn)

82
Q

Type of burn that destroys epidermis and dermis;
Burne area is painless;
Requires skin grafting

A

Third-degree burn (Full-thickness burn)

83
Q

Type of burn that is extended into deeper tissues;
Dry and Leathery;
Requires surgery and grafting or amputation

A

Fourth-degree burn (Full-thickness burn)

84
Q

Most common form of cancer in humans

A

Skin cancer

85
Q

Risk factor of skin cancer

A

Overexposure to UV radiation in sunlight and tanning beds

86
Q

Classifications of skin cancer

A

Benign and Malignant

87
Q

Skin cancer classification where neoplasm has not spread

A

Benign

88
Q

Skin cancer classification where neoplasm has invaded other areas

A

Malignant

89
Q

Least malignant type and most common type of skin cancer;
Arises from cells in stratum Basale;
Lesions appear as shiny, dome-shaped nodules

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

90
Q

Type of skin cancer that is believed to be induced by UV exposure;
Arises from the cells of the Stratum Spinosum;
Scaly, reddened papules

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

91
Q

Most deadly of skin cancers;
Arises from melanocytes;
Detection ABCDE rule

A

Malignant Melanoma

92
Q

ABCDE rule in which two sides of the pigmented mole do not match

A

Asymmetry

93
Q

ABCDE rule in which borders of mole are not smooth

A

Border Irregularity

94
Q

ABCDE rule in which different color in pigmented area

A

Color

95
Q

ABCDE rule in which spot is larger than 6mm in diameter

A

Diameter

96
Q

ABCDE rule in which one or more of the ABCD characteristics is evolving

A

Evolution

97
Q

Downy hair;
Covers the body by the fifth or sixth month of fetal development;
Disappears by birth;
Anchors the vernix caseosa

A

Lanugo

98
Q

Oily covering;
Apparent at birth;
Together with lanugo, they protect the skin of the baby from the amniotic fluid

A

Vernix Caseosa

99
Q

Small, white spots;
Common at birth;
Keratin trapped in the skin;
Disappear by the third week

A

Milia

100
Q

Growth and development of skin

A

Acne
Skin is resilient, thick and well hydrated
Skin loses elsticity and thins as one ages
Balding and/or graying occurs with aging

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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