Integumentary System Flashcards
How to check the skin
Colour, growth, texture, swelling/fluid, wrinkles, temperature, thickness, mobility and turgor, vascularity
Vitiligo
discolouration of the skin caused by damage to melanocytes
Melanin
substance in the body that produces hair, skin, and eye pigment
Papule vs Macule
Small, raised red lesion-P
Discoloured flat spot- M
ABCDE of moles
Assymetrical, border, colour, diameter (6mm gets concerning), evolving
nevus is a…
mole
pallor
pale appearance (changes in temp)
erythema
redness of the skin caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow)
jaundice
too many rbc go to the liver; eyes and skin turn yellow
cyanosis
blue discolouration of the skin; poor circulation and inadequate o2 in blood
vasoconstriction
blood vessels narrow to keep blood for the vital organs and to avoid heat loss
vasodilation
blood vessels widen to let out heat from the skin
diaphoresis
excessive sweating without a trigger
dehydration symptoms
thirsty, rough/dry skin, darker urine, dry mouth
callus
thick collection of dead skin that builds up over time from repetitive moments
blister
thin fluid filled build up over a shorter period of time
T/F callus and blisters have the same cause
true
Edema
fluid accumulation in intercellular spaces, gravity will pool deem to the feet and ankles, and the skin will look puffy and tight
What is pitting edema
fluid isn’t circulating throughout causing edema, there is fluid build up
mobility
ease of the skin rising
turgor,
deals with your skins elasticity, how long it takes for your skin to return back to its og place
vascularity
increase of blood flow, can be a sign of child abuse (if on wrists and appears often)
Non-vascular: white/blue
vascular: red
Hematoma
bad bruise, pool of clotted blood in an organs space
alopecia
partial or complete loss of hair; autoimmune disease; body attacks hair follicles
discolouration or thickening of the nail can be a sign of
liver/kidney diseases, heart and lung conditions, anemia, and diabetes
ridges or lines on nails
old age/vitamin defiency
white spots
calcium deposit
1st, 2nd, vs 3rd degree burns
1st: pain, redness, mild swelling
2nd: pain, blisters, splotchy skin, severe swelling
3rd: white, leathery, relatively painless (nerve endings are destroyed)
How to treat burns?
Cool the burn (run it under cool, not cold water), compress and cover the burn, don’t break any blisters, apply a wet compress, use Neosporin
NO OINTMENT OR BUTTER: CAUSE INFECTIONS
Rule of 9s
Whole Head: 9%
Chest: 9%
Abdomen: 9%
Left Leg: 9%
Right Leg: 9%
Posterior Arm: 4.5%
Whole arm: 9%
Lower back: 9%
Upper back: 9%
Genitals: 1%
Posterior
Back side
Anterior
Front side
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Cancer that begins (grows) in the lower part of the epidermis
Melanoma
skin cancer; cancerous growth on melanin cells
Acne
Inflammation/infection of a gland (bacterial caused)
Warts
Virus caused; small skin growth that can be transmitted
Eczema
Excessive dry skin (chronic)
Impetigo
Bacterial caused skin infection; reddish sores
Keloid
thick, raised scar
Decubitis ulcers
Bed sores/pressure sores
increased pressure exerted onto the skin
Harmful effects of Tanning
UV radiation can damage the DNA in your skin cells and can damage them creating abnormal cell growth, leading to skin cancer
Sunburns, premature aging of the skin (skin loses elasticity and wrinkles)
Benefits of using chalk
Helps with grip by increasing friction and reduces sweaty hands preventing callus growth on hands
Hyperaemia
Increased blood flow
