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healthcare vital signs flashcards > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Homeostasis

A

Maintaining balance
Insulin: pancreas releases insulin when you eat, gives sugar to the cells to produce energy, lowering blood sugar
Glucagon: when blood sugar levels are too low, glucagon is released to increase it from the pancreas

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2
Q

Postprandial means…

A

After a meal

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3
Q

Homeostasis for body temperature

A

HOT:Panting and sweating when hot: evaporation of sweat can regulate and cool off temp.
COLD:Shivering where the muscles tighten and loosen consistently to keep the body warm

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4
Q

Type 1 Diabetes vs Type 2 Diabetes

A

Type 1: auto-immune disease where the immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells of the pancreas that produce insulin, insulin is accumulated in the bloodstream and isn’t used for energy

Type 2: Blood glucose levels are too high because of accumulation of blood glucose that stays in the bloodstream instead of being used for energy

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5
Q

Structure and function of neuron

A

Long wires help It carry messages throughout the body quickly, the dendrites (branches) help receive signals and pass them onwards. The wider cell body helps process signals

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6
Q

Adipose Cell function and structure

A

Appear to be bulbous spheres, due to the storage of fat these cells have that take up most of their space (reservoir)

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7
Q

RBC function and structure

A

Bioconcave Disk, helps them fit through narrow blood vessels and increases SA to maximize gas exchange processes upon the greater SA

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8
Q

Muscle cell (MYOFIBRIL, MYOCYTE) function and structure

A

Composed of a collection o units that let the muscle contract (when shortened)
SMOOTH- can relax and tense, has elasticity
CARDIAC- faster signals to be passed and contraction
SKELETAL- long and cylinder shaped letting it shorten or lengthen for movement

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9
Q

What are the four types of tissues?

A

Nervous, Epithelial, Muscular, Connective

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10
Q

Where can you find Epithelial Tissue and what is the function?

A
  • skin, airways, inner lining of digestive tract
  • functions in secretion (Sweat glands) and absorption, helps to protect from foreign microorganisms, injury, and fluid loss
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11
Q

Epithelial tissue is avascular? What does that mean?

A

Lack of blood vessels

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12
Q

Why do lungs and digestive tract linings need SIMPLE epithelial lining? This process receives nutrients and expels waste

A

For gas exchange to occur easier

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13
Q

Is the skin made up simple or stratified?

A

Stratified; protection

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14
Q

What type of tissue is always found underneath epithelial tissue?

A

Muscular and CT

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15
Q

What is dust?

A

Dead skin cells

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16
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Adipose, cartilage, blood, tendon, ligaments, scar tissue, bones

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17
Q

Why does it take tendons and ligaments longer to heal than bone?

A

Less blood is delivered to them

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18
Q

What is a keloid

A

thick, raised scar

19
Q

what cells are found in blood

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

20
Q

Bone to Bone

A

Ligament

21
Q

Muscle to Bone

A

Tendon

22
Q

Stores energy and insulates

A

Fat

23
Q

This ct is found in the nose, ears, and disks and reduces friction to allow flexibility

A

cartilage

24
Q

what CT cushions organs?

A

fat, loose areolar connective tissue

25
Q

What is an extracellular matrix

A

Cells separated by non-living material

26
Q

Where are the 3 Muscle types found?

A

Smooth- inner linings
Skeletal- attached to bone for movement
Cardiac- found in the heart to allow it to contract and pump blood

27
Q

Longest muscle?

A

Sartorius (upper thigh)

28
Q

Smallest muscle?

A

Stapedius (ear)

29
Q

Biggest Muscle?

A

Gluteus Maximus

30
Q

Strongest Muscles?

A

Masseter (jaw), Heart, Tongue

31
Q

Which muscle types are striated and which are involuntary?

A

striated: skeletal, cardiac (lines)
involuntary: cardiac, smooth (work by themselves)

32
Q

What systems do nervous tissue work within

A

CNS (central, form brain and spinal cord) and PNS (peripheral, form cranial and spinal nerves)

33
Q

What are the 2 cells associated with the nervous cells?

A

Neurons and Glial cells (support neurons)

34
Q

What is a cell organelle and what are the functions of the following
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- ER
- Golgi bodies
- ribosomes
- vacuole
-lysosome
- nucleolus

A

A structure in a cell that has a specialized function
Cytoplasm: fluid to fill cell
CM: protective barrier
N: brain of the cell
M: powerhouse; Cell resp
ER: protein synthesis and transportation
GB: package proteins
RIBO: synthesize proteins
VAC: stores nutrients and waste
LYSOSOME: clean the cell
NUCLEOLUS: store DNA

35
Q

Organ System Pneumonic

A

ILCREMINDERS (know function)

36
Q

Ideal time for washing your hands? Recommended time?

A

Ideal: 30 seconds
Recommended: 15 seconds

37
Q

What tissue protects organs from bouncing around and fills up space

A

Loose areolor tissue

38
Q

Donning definition and the order

A

PPE on, gown, mask, goggles, gloves

39
Q

doffing definition

A

PPE off, gloves, gown, goggles mask

40
Q

Signs for infections

A

Redness
Swelling
Tenderness
Warmth
Drainage (pus)

41
Q

Why shouldn’t you pop a blister yourself?

A

The skin underneath is very tender, so its unhygienic to break the skin since you’re exposing the lower clean skin to the environment that is dirty; can lead to more infection

42
Q

Chain of Infection

A

Infectious Agent: (pathogen, bacteria, virus, etc.)
Reservoir: (where the pathogen lives/reproduces)
Portal of Exit: (how it can leave the body: faces, cough/sneeze droplets)
Portal of entry: How the pathogen enters a new host (fecal oral, airborne and droplets, vector (insect), direct, sexually transmitted)
Susceptible Host: people who are at a greater risk of catching
Goes back to infectious agent

43
Q

How to break the pathogen, how to break the reservoir, how to break the portal of exit and entry

A

reservoir: medicine, clean apparatus
portal of exit: contain it with masks, bathroom hygeine
portal of entry: cover any breaks in the skin, social distance, vaccine, etc

44
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Pink Eye

healthcare vital signs flashcards (8 decks)

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