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110 > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

3 main sections of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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2
Q

Epidermis:
Type of epithelium:
Functions of:
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Lengerhans’ cells
Merkel cells

A

Stratified squamous epithelium
Keratinocytes: produce keratin
Melanocytes: produce melanin
Lengerhans’ cells: protect skin from infection (macrophages)
Merkel cells: touch receptors

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3
Q

4 layers of epidermis (acronym)

A

Come Let’s Get Sun burned
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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4
Q

Stratum basale
Only layer with which cells?

A

Melanocytes/merkel cells

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5
Q

Stratum spinosum
what kind of granules present?
what cells present?

A

Keratohyaline (strength) + lamellar (water proofing)
Langerhans’ cells

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6
Q

Stratum granulosum
what happens to cells here?
All cells above stratum granulosum are?

A

Cells “toughen up”
all cells above are dead

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7
Q

Where is stratum lucidum found?

A

Palms/Feet

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8
Q

Stratum corneum
How much of epidermis?
Functions
What is exfoliating?

A

3/4 of epidermis
waterproofing + protection
Exfoliating: removing superficial layer of dead keratinocytes from stratum corneum

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9
Q

Merkel discs
Deep/supercficial?
Fast/slow adapting?

A

Superficial
Slow

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10
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles
Deep/supercficial?
Fast/slow adapting?

A

Superficial
Fast

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11
Q

Pacinian corpuscles
Deep/supercficial?
Fast/slow adapting?

A

Deep
Fast

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12
Q

2 layers of dermis? which is bigger/position?

A

Papillary layer: smaller, superficial
Reticular layer: larger, deeper

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13
Q

Papillary layer:
what type of tissue

A

Areolar connective tissue

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14
Q

Reticular layer
what type of tissue
how much of skin does it make up?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue (stretches in different directions)
80% of skin

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15
Q

Hypodermis
what type of tissues?
purpose?

A

Adipose (insulation) + areolar
Regulates temperature

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16
Q

what 3 pigments contribute to skin colour?

A

Melanin
Carotene
Hemoglobin

17
Q

Melanin:
pigment colours
produced by?
cause what abnormalities

A

Yellow -> black
melanocytes (in stratum basale)
freckles/moles

18
Q

Carotene
pigment colours
where is it obvious

A

yellow -> orange
palms/feet

19
Q

Hemoglobin
pigment colours
excess released when?

A

red pigment (cause pink hue in skin)
when low oxygen in blood (cyanosis)

20
Q

Apocrine glands:
activated when?
colour of secretion

A

Sexual foreplay
milky yellow

21
Q

Eccrine glands
merocrine/holocrine?
AKA?
high number where

A

merocrine
SWEAT glands (hypotonic sweat, to cool sin)
High in armpit (acilla)

22
Q

Ceruminous glands
Combination of which 2 glands
produce what
purpose

A

Apocrine + eccrine
Ear wax
Block entry of foreign material into ear

23
Q

Mammary glands: purpose

A

secrete milk

24
Q

Sebacous
merocrine/holocrine?
secrete what
what point of life are they activated?

A

holocrine
sebum
puberty (clogging = acne)

25
Q

Which type of skin cancer is most dangerous? why

A

Melanoma
highly metastatic, resistant to chemo

26
Q

Which skin cancer is least dangerous? why

A

Basal cell carcinoma
least malignant, surgery is reliable cure

27
Q

Melanoma: ABCD rule

A

A: assymetrical
B: border irregular
C: colour is black/brown/tan sometimes blue/red
Diameter: >6mm (pencil eraser)

28
Q

Burn reaches which layer for each?
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree
4th degree
5th degree

A

1st degree: epidermis (mild sun burn)
2nd degree: papillary dermis
3rd degree: reticular dermis
4th degree: subcutaneous fat (hypodermis)
5th degree: possibly bone/muscle (all sensation lost)

29
Q

Rule of nines: what % for each?
1 side of 1 leg:
1 side of 1 arm:
1 side of trunk:
1 side of head/neck:
Groin:

A

1 side of 1 leg: 9%
1 side of 1 arm: 4.5%
1 side of trunk: 18%
1 side of head/neck: 4.5%
Groin: 1%

30
Q

What constitutes critical burn

A

> 25% 2nd degree
10% 3rd degree
3rd degree on face or hands or feed

31
Q

What part of hair produces new hair? How

A

Hair matrix
Cells are pushed up + keratinized, die

32
Q

What part of hair causes colours

A

Melanocytes

33
Q

What colour is each melanin for? Who is it found in high amounts in?
Eumelanin
Pheomelanin

A

Eumelanin: balck (black/brown hair)
Pheomelanin: red (blonde/red hair)

34
Q

3 steps of hair growth?

A

Growth stage
Resting stage
After resting stage

35
Q

A person has naturally short hair, how long is their growth stage?

A

Longer for long hair, shorter for short hair

36
Q

How long can hair remain in resting stage?

A

~3 months

37
Q

How does male pattern baldness (AKA?) occur

A

AKA androgenic alopecia
Delayed action gene switches on in adulthood, causes increased response of hair follicles to DHT (testosterone)

38
Q

2 med options for androgenic alopecia

A

Minoxidil: hair regrowth
Finasteride: prevents hair loss

39
Q

What part of nail produces new nail?

A

Nail matrix

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