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Human Anatomy + Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three main layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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2
Q

tissue of the epidermis

A

stratified squamous epithelium (epithelial tissue)

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3
Q

tissue of the dermis

A

dense and elastic connective tissue

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4
Q

tissue of the hypodermis

A

adipose tissue

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5
Q

epidermis

A

contains melanin for color, keratin to give strength and waterproof characteristics, and has no blood supply

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6
Q

parts of the epidermis

A

stratum corneum- the dead cells
germinativum - living and dividing cells
melanocytes and keratocytes (melanin and keratin)

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7
Q

dermis

A

functional, contain the dermal papillae and fibroblasts, protein fibers that provide strength

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8
Q

dermal papillae

A

Found in the upper layers of the dermis, they bind the epidermis and dermis and create fingerlike projections. These form your fingerprint pattern

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9
Q

hypodermis

A

deepest layer of skin, contains major blood vessels and nerves, anchors skin to fascia

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10
Q

fascia

A

fibrous, web-like tissue that covers major muscles and bones

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11
Q

skin appendage functions

A

accessories, help skin with its functions

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12
Q

skin appendages

A

glands, nerves, nails, hair

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13
Q

glands

A

ceruminous, sebaceous, apocrine, eccrine

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14
Q

cerumen

A

yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear canal

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15
Q

ceruminous glands

A

collects dirt and dust through cerumen and carries it out of the ear

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16
Q

sebum

A

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

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17
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles to lubricate the hair and keep it from drying out

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18
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

found deep in the dermis, concentrated in hair follicles in armpits and genitals, secretions contain fats and proteins; secretes primarily into the hair

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19
Q

why apocrine sweat smells

A

bacteria feed off fats and proteins which are attracted through pheromones, causing body odor

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20
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

found everywhere, secretes mainly into pores, composed of water, salts, and wastes; food odors leak out of these glands

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21
Q

where nerves are commonly located

A

dermis and fascia

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22
Q

sensory receptors

A

special nerve cells that communicate from the environment to the body (temperature, pain, touch)

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23
Q

free nerve endings

A

located in epidermis, detect chemicals with tissue damage that register pain

24
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

located deep in the hypodermis, detect strong pressure

25
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

found in dermis (dermal papillae), detect touch

26
Q

nails

A

keratocytes in nail root move up, die, and flatten to create a protective covering

27
Q

hair

A

stratum corneum cells fold inward to create the hair follicle

28
Q

hair papilla

A

has its own blood and nerve supply; base of the follicle

29
Q

hair shaft

A

dead and hardened stratum corneum cells (visible part of the hair follicle)

30
Q

hair cycle

A

new hair cells move up follicle, push out older cells; cells dry out, fill with keratin and die

31
Q

arrector pili

A

muscle attached to the hair follicle to hold hair erect

32
Q

layers of hair

A

cuticle, cortex, medulla

33
Q

cuticle

A

outside covering of hair made of overlapping scales; protects the inner layers of hair from breaking down

34
Q

cortex

A

middle of the cuticle, contains melanin and keratin, which provides strength to the hair

35
Q

medulla

A

deepest layer of the hair, makes up less than 1/3 of the hair of a person, mostly found in animals; helps scientists find source of the strand

36
Q

types of melanin

A

phenomelanin - black, brown, and blonde haired
eumelanin - red haired

37
Q

functions of integument

A

protection, regulating temperature, senses, absorption of sunlight

38
Q

why does it hurt to pull out hair?

A

cutting hair only cuts dead cells, which are not attached to nerves; pulling out hair directly affects the nerves

39
Q

1st degree burn

A

only the epidermis is damaged, reddening and swelling

40
Q

2nd degree burn

A

dermal papillae damaged as well as living part of epidermis, creates blisters full of fluid

41
Q

3rd degree burn

A

all layers of skin affected, damages major muscles and nerves; can lead to infection and dehydration

42
Q

rule of nines

A

method to examine the extent of a burn
leg- 9% each side
arm- 4.5% each side
head- 4.5%
genitals 1%
chest- 9%
abdomen- 9%
Lower back- 9%
Upper back- 9%

43
Q

sweat

A

dilutes and buffers chemicals

44
Q

connective tissue (elastin)

A

resistant to stretching and tearing

45
Q

stratum corneum

A

sheds layers to avoid skin erosion and infection

46
Q

cerumen and sebum

A

repels excessive water, retains water from escaping

47
Q

adipose tissue

A

absorbs shock + stores heat

48
Q

commensal bacteria

A

rids bad bacteria

49
Q

blood vessels

A

homeostasis achieved through constricting and dilating arteries and veins

50
Q

pores

A

absorb sunlight to be processed by the liver in your body

51
Q

acne

A

overproduction of sebum

52
Q

psoriasis

A

increased skin cell production, skin inflammation; dry, red, and itchy

53
Q

vitiligo

A

decrease in melanin in certain spots (hypopigmentation)

54
Q

albinism

A

no melanin production at all in the eyes, hair, and skin

55
Q

tinea (ringworm, athlete’s foot)

A

skin fungus that eats keratin

56
Q

warts

A

HPV, HSV, incurable but treatable

Human Anatomy + Physiology (10 decks)

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