Integumentary System

Question 1

Seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 1

inflammatory condition of the sebaceous (oil) glands
inflammation occurs in scalp, eyebrows, sides of nose, eyelids, area behind ears, middle of the chest
most common during infancy
treatment = low-strength cortisone or hydrocortisone cream

Question 2

Contact dermatitis

Answer 2

acute inflammation triggered by exogenous chemical/substance
caused either by irritants on skin or allergic response
treatment = cleaning the skin, corticosteroid cream

Question 3

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Answer 3

chronic inflammation
rash with vesicular and exudative eruptions for children, dry and leathery vesicles for adults
generally inherited, stress/extreme changes in climate can make it worse
treatment = no medication can eliminate it, use skin moisturizers, anti inflammatory agents, sunlight therapy

Question 4

Urticaria

Answer 4

hives, associated with severe itching, redness, swelling
often scattered over the body, often acute
can be caused by allergic reactions
treatment = remove antigenic factor, antihistamines, creams and ointments

Question 5

Psoriasis

Answer 5

chronic skin condition, thick, flaky patches, silvery scales
scales develop into plaques then sometimes to pustules
slightly itchy/sore
more common in the white race, autoimmune disorder
treatment = keep involved skin moist and lubricated, medication, vitamin D

Question 6

Rosacea

Answer 6

chronic inflammatory disorder of the facial skin, causes redness
often mistaken for complexion change/sunburn/acne
redness becomes more noticeable, dryness, pimple
ocular rosacea = blood vessels in sclera become inflamed
treatment = no cure, cream, Finacea, avoid blushing triggers

Question 7

Acne vulgaris

Answer 7

inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles
appearance of papules, pustules and comedones, boil-like lesions
caused by hormonal changes, and hereditary tendencies
treatment = topical or systemic antibiotics, vitamin A, isotretinoin

Question 8

Herpes zoster

Answer 8

shingles, acute inflammatory eruption of vesicles
occur in a bandlike unilateral pattern along peripheral nerves (dermatomes)
caused by VZV virus
treatment = analgesics, mild sedatives, antibiotics

Question 9

Impetigo

Answer 9

superficial skin infection, forms thick yellow crusts
usually develop on the legs, small vesicles surrounded by circle of reddened skin
caused by bacteria, can originate from insect bites, poor hygiene
treatment = antibiotics, cleaning, avoiding affected individuals

Question 10

Furuncles and carbuncles

Answer 10

pus-containing abscess, involves hair follicle and subcutaneous tissue
abscess either bursts through the skin, or discharges internally
generally a bacterial infection
treatment = hot compresses, surgical incision and drainage, antibiotics

Question 11

Cellulitis

Answer 11

bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, when bacteria enter through a lesion in the skin
pitting edema, skin becomes tender, and hot to the touch
red lines may appear along lymph vessels
treatment = immobilize limb, epsom salt, antibiotics

Question 12

Dermatophytoses

Answer 12

chronic, superficial fungal infection
tinea capitis = scalp
tinea corporis = ringworm
tinea unguium = toe nails
tinea pedis = athlete’s foot
tinea cruris = jock itch
treatment = antifungal medications, shampoo, keep skin clean and dry

Question 13

Decubitus ulcers

Answer 13

pressure ulcer, bed sore, localized area of dead skin
shiny, reddened skin over a bony prominence
occurs due to lack of blood supply to area of skin
treatment = topical agents

Question 14

Scabies and pediculosis

Answer 14

scabies = itch mites, pediculosis = lice
highly contagious, sensation of crawling on skin, rash
treatment = shampoo, creams, lotions

Question 15

Alopecia

Answer 15

baldness, loss or absence of hair
can be temporary or permanent, can appear gradually or suddenly
due to aging process, heredity, dermatitis
treatment = cream, drug therapy

Question 16

Folliculitis

Answer 16

inflammatory reaction of the hair follicles that produces pustular lesions
bacterial infection
common condition that generally affects young adults
treatment = topical antiseptic cleanser, antibiotic

Question 17

Corns and calluses

Answer 17

localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum
corns = glassy core, calluses = larger, develop on ball of feet, palms of hands
pressure/friction from ill fitting shoes
treatment = relieving pressure and friction points, surgical trim

Question 18

Verrucae

Answer 18

warts, elevated growths of the epidermis
cutaneous manifestation of HPV
common warts, plantar warts, flat warts
treatment = most disappear naturally over time, creams, surgical excision, cryosurgery, electrodesiccation

Question 19

Deformed or discoloured nails

Answer 19

nails with unusual thickening, shape or colour
due to poor shoes, anemia, vitamin or mineral deficiencies
treatment = discolouration due to illness are cured after illness is corrected, removal by a physician

Question 20

Paronychia

Answer 20

infection of the skin around a nail
cuticle or nail fold becomes red, painful, whitlow (blister of pus)
caused by bacteria or fungi, people with hands in water for long periods
treatment = antibiotics, cream

Question 21

Seborrheic keratosis

Answer 21

benign growth, tan/brown papules or plaques
may be black, brown, yellow or other colours, especially in elderly people
treatment = cryosurgery, curettage

Question 22

Dermatofibroma

Answer 22

benign and asymptomatic
scaly, hard growths that are slightly raised and pinkish brown
treatment = surgically excised

Question 23

Keratoacanthoma

Answer 23

benign epithelial growth
smooth, red, dome shaped papule with central crust
treatment = surgical excision, adrenocorticosteroids

Question 24

Keloids and hypertrophic scars

Answer 24

occur secondary to trauma or surgery
cause pruritus and sometimes deformities
more common in black skinned people
treatment = corticosteroids injected into lesion

Question 25

Epidermal cyst

Answer 25

sebaceous gland slowly fills with thick liquid
some have a blackhead in the pore
cyst may eventually burst
treatment = surgically excised, antibiotics

Question 26

Acrochordon

Answer 26

common benign skin growths
painless and usually caused by friction
brown, skin coloured, slightly elevated, attached by short stalk
treatment = excisional surgery

Question 27

Actinic keratosis

Answer 27

premalignant lesions seen on sun-exposed areas of the body
light skinned people have a higher risk
appears as an area of rough, vascular skin, later forms yellowish brown crust
treatment = topical agents

Question 28

Non-melanoma skin cancers

Answer 28

BCC (basal cell carcinoma), SCC (squamous cell carcinoma), appear anywhere on the body
most common are the sun-exposed areas
BCC = shiny white bump, sore that bleeds, reddish area, smooth growth
SCC = crusted or scaly area, hyperkeratosis (abnormal thickening)
treatment = surgery, cryosurgery, electrodesiccation, curettage, radiation therapy, drug therapy

Question 29

Malignant melanoma

Answer 29

arises in epidermal melanocytes, cells that make the brown pigment melanin
generally due to sun sensitive skin type, family history
most common symptom is a change in a newly pigmented area of skin, or change in a mole
change in size, colour, shape, elevation, surface, surrounding skin, sensation, consistency
treatment = excision, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

Question 30

Albinism

Answer 30

rare inherited condition, unable to produce melanin
pale skinned, white hair, pink or pale blue eyes
often accompanied with eye problems

Question 31

Vitiligo

Answer 31

produces pale irregular patches of skin, often evenly located on one side of the body
often follows a stressful incident

Question 32

Melasma

Answer 32

occurs in some women during hormonal changes (pregnancy, oral contraceptive use)
patches of darker skin develop
disappears after childbirth or discontinuation of contraceptive

Question 33

Hemangiomas

Answer 33

benign lesions of blood vessels that produces a red, blue or purple colour
examples = nevus flammeus, strawberry hemangioma

Question 34

Nevi

Answer 34

moles
small, dark areas of skin composed of dense collections of melanocytes
may occasionally become malignant

Question 35

Pityriasis

Answer 35

fungal infection that causes patches of flaky, light, or dark skin to develop on the trunk of the body
uncommon condition

Question 36

Abnormal suntan

Answer 36

unspecified adverse effect from drug, medicinal substance

some drugs and certain diseases can produce a suntan