Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the layers of the skin?
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous
Skin manufactures what vitamin?
D
the epidermis is made up of what cells?
epithelial
Which layer of the skin contains no blood vessels?
epidermis
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis? Where cells constantly undergo division?
stratum basale
Most epidermal cells are ____________
keratinized
The dermis contains mostly ___________ tissue
connective
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, sensory receptors, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands?
dermis
The dermis contains what 2 types of fibers?
elastin & collagen
Which layer of the skin consists of connective tissue to attach skin to underlying muscles?
subcutaneous
4 types of cells found in the epidermis
Langerhans
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkle cells
These cells arise from stratum basale, produce keratin, and are the most common cell found in the epidermis?
keratinocytes
What cells produce melanin and protect against UV?
melanocytes
Merkle cells detect light touch and are found where?
stratum basale - epidermis
4 types of cells found in dermis
fibroblasts
adipocytes
macrophages
mast cells
Fat cells are called?
adipocytes
dermis layer
These cells secrete collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, and other components of the extracellular matrix?
fibroblasts
Macrophages are _________ cells that engulf pathogens and are found in the dermis
phagocytic
What cells play a role in inflammation and release histamine?
mast cells
Regarding the negative feedback loop that regulates homeostasis, what are the receptors, control center, and effectors?
receptors: sensory cells in dermis
control center: hypothalamus
effectors: sweat glands, blood vessels, muscles
__________ of blood vessels release heat into environment to lower body temp
vasodilation
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are both ________ glands, which secretes substances into ducts
exocrine
Sebaceous glands are _________ glands that secrete sebum through hair pores.
holocrine
What is an oily mixture of lipids and proteins that inhibit water loss, while also protecting against bacterial and fungal infections?
sebum
Sweat glands can be what 2 types of glands?
eccrine
apocrine
Eccrine glands are ____ connected to hair follicles
not
Eccrine glands are activated by?
increased body temp
These glands are found of forehead, neck and back? They secrete a salty solution of electrolytes and are activated by body’s thermoregulation
eccrine glands
What glands secrete an oily substance containing fatty acids, triglycerides and proteins?
apocrine
What glands are found on hands, feet, armpits and groin?
apocrine
