Endocrine System Flashcards
The neuroendocrine control center is composed of the ____________ & pituitary gland
hypothalamus
Steroid hormones trigger _____ activation
gene
Protein hormones change the activity of ________ in the target cell
enzymes
The adrenal cortex monitors blood sugar levels and aids in _____ and protein metabolism
lipid
What controls cardiac function, the size of blood vessels and can raise blood sugar?
adrenal medulla
What gland helps regulate metabolism and aids in growth and development?
thyroid gland
What regulates calcium levels in blood?
parathyroid
The pancreas islets raise and lower blood sugar and are active in _____ metabolism
carb
What gland plays a role in immune responses?
thymus gland
What gland has an influence on daily biorhythms?
pineal gland
The pituitary gland plays an important role in what?
growth and development
Gonadotropin RH (GhRH) releases what from anterior pituitary?
LH & FSH
TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulates thyroid to release thyroid hormones
Thyroid gland releases T3 and T4 which stimulate?
cellular metabolism
The thyroid gland secretes ________ to bone and kidneys to LOWER calcium
calcitonin
The parathyroid gland secretes PTH to the bone and kidneys to ______ calcium levels
raise
What gland releases thymosin to lymphatic tissues to release T-cells
thymus
The pancreas releases _______, which targets the liver, muscle & adipose tissue to lower blood sugar
insulin
________, released from the pancreas, targets the liver to increase blood sugar
glucagon
GHIH from the pancreas _______ secretion of insulin & glucagon
inhibits
E/NE is released from the ______ ________ for a “fight or flight” response
adrenal medulla
What gland secretes melatonin to the brain to control sleep/wake cycle
pineal
ACTH targets the ______ ______ to release glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids
adrenal cortex
What two things are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland?
oxytocin
ADH
Oxytocin targets the uterus to induce contractions an the mammary glands for ____ secretion
milk
ADH (antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin) targets the kidneys and blood vessels to??
increase water retention
What is secreted from the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine
norepinephrine
Prolactin is secreted from the __________ pituitary gland and stimulates production of milk
anterior
What targets the kidneys to retain sodium and excrete potassium?
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex target tissues in response to long term stressors and can _____ blood sugar levels
raise
Androgens are secreted from the adrenal cortex and stimulate secondary ____ characteristics
sex
The thymus gland plays a role in __________ responses
Immune
The GI tract releases _________ which targets the stomach to release HCl
Gastric
What 2 things are secreted from the GI tract to target the pancreas and liver to release digestive enzymes & bile?
Secretin
CCK (cholecystokinin)
What is stimulated from the kidneys to target bone marrow for production of red blood cells?
Erythropoietin
_________ from the kidneys targets the intestines to increase reabsorption of calcium
Calcitriol
ANP from the heart targets the kidneys and adrenal cortex to reduce absorption of __________ & lower blood pressure
Sodium
What is released from adipose tissue to target the brain and suppress appetite?
Lepton
Inhibin from the ovaries inhibits??
FSH
Human chorionic gonadotropin from the ________ targets ovaries to produce estrogen & progesterone
Placenta
The testes release?
Testosterone
Inhibin
Testosterone promotes?
Spermatogenesis
