Integumentary System Flashcards
Course Competency 7. – Describe how the structure of the skin contributes to its function.
Transdermal absorption
ability of skin to absorb chemicals
anatomy of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
indistinct boundary of areolar or adipose tissue between skin and muscle
highly vascular
Name the structure:
Overhanging tip of the nail
free edge (of the nail)
stratum granulosum
A middle layer of thick skin
2nd most superficial layer in thin skin
three to five layers of keratinocytes
(the way it stains like dark granules gives rise to its name)
Name the structure:
Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle that respond to hair movement
hair root plexus.
Function of:
nociceptors
Pain from tissue damage or threat of tissue damage
Alternate name for:
hypodermis
subcutaneous layer
stratum corneum
thick surface layer of dead skin cells; very durable
black and brown pigments of the skin
melanin
the structural components of skin color
melanin, black and brown pigments,
accumulates in keratinocytes
hemoglobin, imparts reddish or pinkish hues
carotene a yellow pigment from some foods
What, From where, and To where:
melanin
black and brown pigments,
produced in melanocytes
accumulates in keratinocytes
Structure of:
tactile disc
a tactile cell and its underlying nerve fiber
stratum spinosum
2nd deepest layer of epidermis
several layers of keratinocytes
as they move upward they create more keratin filaments
Name the gland:
simple tubular gland with duct to a sweat pore
eccrine (merocrine) glands
Name the layer:
deepest layer of of the epidermis
stratum basale
mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells;
also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells
Name the:
secretion formed of cells breaking down
sebum
keeps skin and hair “moisturized”;
(secretion is formed of cells breaking down)
Function of:
sebum
keeps skin and hair “moisturized”;
(secretion is formed of cells breaking down)
Briefly describe:
ceruminous glands
Exclusive to the ear;
produces a yellow waxy secretion that combines with sebum and dead skin cells to form ear wax
Sensations of the integumentary system
heat,
cold,
touch,
texture,
pressure,
vibration,
injury
Alternate name for:
subcutaneous layer
hypodermis
Name the layer:
2nd most superficial layer of thick skin
stratum lucidum
unique to thick skin,
a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin
Name the gland:
produces sweat via exocytosis into a duct
sudoriferous gland
Loosely define:
Thermoregulation
“regulating body temperature”
Name the structure:
hair beneath the surface of the skin
root
types of sensory receptors found in the skin
free nerve endings
lamellated corpuscles
corpuscles of touch
tactile discs
nociceptors
stratum lucidum
2nd most superficial layer of thick skin
unique to thick skin,
a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin
Name the gland:
larger, secretes more fatty acids; duct leads to hair follicle;
Apocrine gland
Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
Name the structure:
tube from which hair grows
hair follicle
Structure of the integument:
the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis
epidermal (friction) ridges
gives skin texture such as finger prints
the part of a hair above the skin
shaft
Name the gland:
produces a yellow waxy secretion that combines with sebum and dead skin cells to form ear wax
ceruminous glands
eponychium
narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the nail
root (structure of hair)
hair beneath the surface of the skin
pilus
the hair; a slender filament of keratinized cells
Structure of:
tactile disc
stratum basale (basal layer)
pigment that accumulates in keratinocytes
melanin
Function of:
eccrine (merocrine) glands
sweat gland primarily to cool the body
Name the structure:
an effector muscle that causes hair to “stand on end”
arrector pili muscle
Name the layer:
a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin
stratum lucidum
unique to thick skin,
2nd most superficial layer of thick skin
Briefly define:
shaft (of hair)
the part of a hair above the skin
Name the layer:
thick surface layer of dead skin cells; very durable
stratum corneum
hair follicle
tube from which hair grows
Location of:
corpuscles of touch
fingertips,
palms,
eyelids,
lips,
tongue,
nipples,
genitals
keratinocytes
synthesizes keratin,
the vast majority of skin cells,
arises from stem cells
“System of the skin”
Integumentary system
Explain:
the anatomical basis of albinism
A genetic lack of melanin.
Missing an enzyme to synthesize melanin.
Two major layers of the integument
epidermis
dermis
Two principle cells of the epithelium
keratinocytes
melanocytes
pigments produced in melanocytes
melanin
papillary region
thin zone of areolar tissues around the dermal paillae
Location of:
nociceptors
skin
also:
viscera,
bones,
joints,
muscles
Name the layer:
pads the body
&
binds the skin to the underlying tissues
subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
free edge (of the nail)
Overhanging tip of the nail
Structure of:
eccrine (merocrine) glands
simple tubular gland with duct to a sweat pore
Location of:
eccrine (merocrine) glands
everywhere in skin
abundant on palms, soles, and forehead;
Function of:
corpuscles of touch
light touch,
texture
epidermal (friction) ridges
the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis
gives skin texture such as finger prints
melanocytes
synthesizes melanin,
occur only in the stratum basale
hair root plexus.
Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle that respond to hair movement
Location of:
Apocrine gland
groin,
anal,
axilla,
areolar,
beard areas
Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
Components of the Integumentary System
Skin
Hair
Nails
their Glands
lunula
moon shaped growth zone of the nail
Layer of epidermis:
mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells
stratum basale
deepest layer of of the epidermis
also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells
Name the cell:
synthesizes keratin,
the vast majority of skin cells,
arises from stem cells
keratinocyte
Structure of the dermis:
deeper zone of irregular connective tissue
reticular region
(fibrous and tougher)
Location of:
free nerve endings
widespread in epithelia and connective tissues
Describe the growth of the epidermis
(keratinization)
Stem cells divide into keratinocytes which move superficially.
As they move further away from the basal layer they produce more and more keratin filaments and thin out.
At the end of their life they form the stratum corneum as layers of dead cells.
A word meaning:
ability of skin to absorb chemicals
Transdermal absorption
Name the cell:
synthesizes melanin,
occurs only in the stratum basale
melanocyte
Name for:
a hair
pilus
arrector pili muscle
an effector muscle that causes hair to “stand on end”
Function of:
Apocrine gland
responds to stress and sexual stimulation;
Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
Structure of the dermis:
thin zone of areolar tissues around the dermal papillae
papillary region
roles of keratin
durability
resilience
stratum basale
deepest layer of of the epidermis,
mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells;
also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells
secretion of the sebaceous gland
sebum
keeps skin and hair “moisturized”;
(secretion is formed of cells breaking down)
structure and function of:
sudoriferous glands
produces sweat via exocytosis into a duct
Functions of the Integument
Resist trauma and infection
Barrier
Vitamin D synthesis
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Non-verbal communication
Transdermal absorption
Name the gland:
sweat gland primarily to cool the body
eccrine (merocrine) glands
Function of:
sebaceous glands
oil gland; secretes oily sebum into hair follicle
Name the gland:
sweat gland that responds to stress and sexual stimulation;
Apocrine gland
Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
Structure of the dermis:
gives skin texture such as finger prints
epidermal (friction) ridges
the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis
Location of:
lamellated corpuscles
dermis,
also:
joint capsules,
periosteum,
breasts,
genitals,
some viscera
Name the gland:
oil gland; secretes oily sebum into hair follicle
sebaceous gland
dermal papillae
finger-like extension of the dermis into the epidermis
Tissues of the epidermis
mainly collagen
also:
elastic fiber
reticular fiber
fibroblasts
and other cells common to fibrous tissue
Function of:
free nerve endings
pain, heat, cold
Name the layer:
2nd deepest layer of epidermis
stratum spinosum
several layers of keratinocytes
as they move upward they create more keratin filaments
Name the structure:
moon shaped growth zone of the nail
lunula
Structure of the dermis:
finger-like extension of the dermis into the epidermis
dermal paillae
Structure of:
Apocrine gland
larger; duct leads to hair follicle;
Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
reticular region
deeper zone of irregular connective tissue
fibrous and tougher
Name the structure:
narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the nail
eponychium
A word meaning:
“regulating body temperature”
Thermoregulation
Five layers of the epidermis
From superficial to deep:
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidium (unique to thick skin)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
