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DCCC BIO150 (Spring 2021) > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

Course Competency 7. – Describe how the structure of the skin contributes to its function.

1
Q

Transdermal absorption

A

ability of skin to absorb chemicals

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2
Q

anatomy of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

indistinct boundary of areolar or adipose tissue between skin and muscle

highly vascular

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3
Q

Name the structure:

Overhanging tip of the nail

A

free edge (of the nail)

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4
Q

stratum granulosum

A

A middle layer of thick skin
2nd most superficial layer in thin skin

three to five layers of keratinocytes

(the way it stains like dark granules gives rise to its name)

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5
Q

Name the structure:

Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle that respond to hair movement

A

hair root plexus.

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6
Q

Function of:

nociceptors

A

Pain from tissue damage or threat of tissue damage

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7
Q

Alternate name for:

hypodermis

A

subcutaneous layer

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8
Q

stratum corneum

A

thick surface layer of dead skin cells; very durable

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9
Q

black and brown pigments of the skin

A

melanin

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10
Q

the structural components of skin color

A

melanin, black and brown pigments,
accumulates in keratinocytes

hemoglobin, imparts reddish or pinkish hues

carotene a yellow pigment from some foods

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11
Q

What, From where, and To where:

melanin

A

black and brown pigments,

produced in melanocytes

accumulates in keratinocytes

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12
Q

Structure of:

tactile disc

A

a tactile cell and its underlying nerve fiber

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13
Q

stratum spinosum

A

2nd deepest layer of epidermis

several layers of keratinocytes
as they move upward they create more keratin filaments

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14
Q

Name the gland:

simple tubular gland with duct to a sweat pore

A

eccrine (merocrine) glands

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15
Q

Name the layer:

deepest layer of of the epidermis

A

stratum basale

mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells;

also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells

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16
Q

Name the:

secretion formed of cells breaking down

A

sebum

keeps skin and hair “moisturized”;

(secretion is formed of cells breaking down)

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17
Q

Function of:

sebum

A

keeps skin and hair “moisturized”;

(secretion is formed of cells breaking down)

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18
Q

Briefly describe:

ceruminous glands

A

Exclusive to the ear;

produces a yellow waxy secretion that combines with sebum and dead skin cells to form ear wax

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19
Q

Sensations of the integumentary system

A

heat,
cold,
touch,
texture,
pressure,
vibration,
injury

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20
Q

Alternate name for:

subcutaneous layer

A

hypodermis

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21
Q

Name the layer:

2nd most superficial layer of thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

unique to thick skin,

a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin

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22
Q

Name the gland:

produces sweat via exocytosis into a duct

A

sudoriferous gland

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23
Q

Loosely define:

Thermoregulation

A

“regulating body temperature”

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24
Q

Name the structure:

hair beneath the surface​ of the skin

A

root

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25
Q

types of sensory receptors found in the skin

A

free nerve endings
lamellated corpuscles
corpuscles of touch
tactile discs
nociceptors

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26
Q

stratum lucidum

A

2nd most superficial layer of thick skin

unique to thick skin,

a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin

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27
Q

Name the gland:

larger, secretes more fatty acids; duct leads to hair follicle;

A

Apocrine gland

Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)

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28
Q

Name the structure:

tube from which hair grows

A

hair follicle

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29
Q

Structure of the integument:

the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis

A

epidermal (friction) ridges

gives skin texture such as finger prints

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30
Q

the part of a hair above the skin

A

shaft

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31
Q

Name the gland:

produces a yellow waxy secretion that combines with sebum and dead skin cells to form ear wax

A

ceruminous glands

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32
Q

eponychium

A

narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the nail

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33
Q

root (structure of hair)

A

hair beneath the surface​ of the skin

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34
Q

pilus

A

the hair; a slender filament of keratinized cells

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35
Q

Structure of:

tactile disc

A

stratum basale (basal layer)

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36
Q

pigment that accumulates in keratinocytes

A

melanin

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37
Q

Function of:

eccrine (merocrine) glands

A

sweat gland primarily to cool the body

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38
Q

Name the structure:

an effector muscle that causes hair to “stand on end”

A

arrector pili muscle

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39
Q

Name the layer:

a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin

A

stratum lucidum

unique to thick skin,

2nd most superficial layer of thick skin

40
Q

Briefly define:

shaft (of hair)

A

the part of a hair above the skin

41
Q

Name the layer:

thick surface layer of dead skin cells; very durable

A

stratum corneum

42
Q

hair follicle

A

tube from which hair grows

43
Q

Location of:

corpuscles of touch

A

fingertips,
palms,
eyelids,
lips,
tongue,
nipples,
genitals

44
Q

keratinocytes

A

synthesizes keratin,
the vast majority of skin cells,
arises from stem cells

45
Q

“System of the skin”

A

Integumentary system

46
Q

Explain:

the anatomical basis of albinism

A

A genetic lack of melanin.

Missing an enzyme to synthesize melanin.

47
Q

Two major layers of the integument

A

epidermis
dermis

48
Q

Two principle cells of the epithelium

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes

49
Q

pigments produced in melanocytes

A

melanin

50
Q

papillary region

A

thin zone of areolar tissues around the dermal paillae

51
Q

Location of:

nociceptors

A

skin

also:
viscera,
bones,
joints,
muscles

52
Q

Name the layer:

pads the body
&
binds the skin to the underlying tissues

A

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

53
Q

free edge (of the nail)

A

Overhanging tip of the nail

54
Q

Structure of:

eccrine (merocrine) glands

A

simple tubular gland with duct to a sweat pore

55
Q

Location of:

eccrine (merocrine) glands

A

everywhere in skin

abundant on palms, soles, and forehead;

56
Q

Function of:

corpuscles of touch

A

light touch,
texture

57
Q

epidermal (friction) ridges

A

the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis

gives skin texture such as finger prints

58
Q

melanocytes

A

synthesizes melanin,

occur only in the stratum basale

59
Q

hair root plexus.

A

Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle that respond to hair movement

60
Q

Location of:

Apocrine gland

A

groin,
anal,
axilla,
areolar,
beard areas

Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)

61
Q

Components of the Integumentary System

A

Skin
Hair
Nails
their Glands

62
Q

lunula

A

moon shaped growth zone of the nail

63
Q

Layer of epidermis:

mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells

A

stratum basale

deepest layer of of the epidermis

also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells

64
Q

Name the cell:

synthesizes keratin,
the vast majority of skin cells,
arises from stem cells

A

keratinocyte

65
Q

Structure of the dermis:

deeper zone of irregular connective tissue

A

reticular region

(fibrous and tougher)

66
Q

Location of:

free nerve endings

A

widespread in epithelia and connective tissues

67
Q

Describe the growth of the epidermis

(keratinization)

A

Stem cells divide into keratinocytes which move superficially.

As they move further away from the basal layer they produce more and more keratin filaments and thin out.

At the end of their life they form the stratum corneum as layers of dead cells.

68
Q

A word meaning:

ability of skin to absorb chemicals

A

Transdermal absorption

69
Q

Name the cell:

synthesizes melanin,

occurs only in the stratum basale

A

melanocyte

70
Q

Name for:

a hair

A

pilus

71
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

an effector muscle that causes hair to “stand on end”

72
Q

Function of:

Apocrine gland

A

responds to stress and sexual stimulation;

Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)

73
Q

Structure of the dermis:

thin zone of areolar tissues around the dermal papillae

A

papillary region

74
Q

roles of keratin

A

durability
resilience

75
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest layer of of the epidermis,

mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells;

also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells

76
Q

secretion of the sebaceous gland

A

sebum

keeps skin and hair “moisturized”;

(secretion is formed of cells breaking down)

77
Q

structure and function of:

sudoriferous glands

A

produces sweat via exocytosis into a duct

78
Q

Functions of the Integument

A

Resist trauma and infection
Barrier
Vitamin D synthesis
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Non-verbal communication
Transdermal absorption

79
Q

Name the gland:

sweat gland primarily to cool the body

A

eccrine (merocrine) glands

80
Q

Function of:

sebaceous glands

A

oil gland; secretes oily sebum into hair follicle

81
Q

Name the gland:

sweat gland that responds to stress and sexual stimulation;

A

Apocrine gland

Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)

82
Q

Structure of the dermis:

gives skin texture such as finger prints

A

epidermal (friction) ridges

the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis

83
Q

Location of:

lamellated corpuscles

A

dermis,

also:
joint capsules,
periosteum,
breasts,
genitals,
some viscera

84
Q

Name the gland:

oil gland; secretes oily sebum into hair follicle

A

sebaceous gland

85
Q

dermal papillae

A

finger-like extension of the dermis into the epidermis

86
Q

Tissues of the epidermis

A

mainly collagen

also:
elastic fiber
reticular fiber
fibroblasts

and other cells common to fibrous tissue

87
Q

Function of:

free nerve endings

A

pain, heat, cold

88
Q

Name the layer:

2nd deepest layer of epidermis

A

stratum spinosum

several layers of keratinocytes
as they move upward they create more keratin filaments

89
Q

Name the structure:

moon shaped growth zone of the nail

A

lunula

90
Q

Structure of the dermis:

finger-like extension of the dermis into the epidermis

A

dermal paillae

91
Q

Structure of:

Apocrine gland

A

larger; duct leads to hair follicle;

Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation
(pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)

92
Q

reticular region

A

deeper zone of irregular connective tissue

fibrous and tougher

93
Q

Name the structure:

narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the nail

A

eponychium

94
Q

A word meaning:

“regulating body temperature”

A

Thermoregulation

95
Q

Five layers of the epidermis

A

From superficial to deep:

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidium (unique to thick skin)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

DCCC BIO150 (Spring 2021) (9 decks)

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