Integumentary: slide 19 on Flashcards
Coloring from carotene:
- what colors?
- acquired from?
- accumulates inside?
- Yellow-orange pigment
- Acquired from yellow-orange vegetables
- Accumulates inside subcutaneous fat and keratinocytes of stratum corneum
Nevus is commonly called ______
a mole
Nevus=
- Harmless overgrowth of melanin forming cells
- Rarely may become malignant
Freckles= represent localized areas of _____
- Yellowish or brown spots
- –> localized areas of increased melanocyte activity
- Degree of pigmentation based on sun exposure and heredity
Ridge patterns of the skin:
- Friction ridges?
- locations?
- what are they formed by?
- Friction Ridges (fingerprints)
- located on fingers, palms, soles, and toes
- formed from large folds and valleys of dermis and epidermis
T/F: each individual has a unique pattern of friction ridges
True
Friction ridges: function?
- *help increase friction on contact
- allows for personal identification
Dermis: divided into 2 layers
- papillary layer
- reticular layer (deep)
Describe the papillary layer of the dermis:
- -where is it located?
- made of which type of CT?
=Superficial 20% thickness of the dermis, directly adjacent to epidermis
-Composed of areolar connective tissue
Derives name from projections of the dermis termed dermal papillae
-contain capillaries that supply nutrients to epidermis
Papillary layer of the dermis:
projections of the epidermis interdigitating with papillae termed _______ _______
**epidermal ridges
Papillary layer of the dermis: Interlocks between dermal papillae and ________ ______, which increases the area of contact between layers
epidermal ridges
Describe the Reticular layer of the dermis:
-which type of CT?
=Deeper 80% thickness of the dermis, extends from papillary layer to subcutaneous layer
-*Consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
Reticular layer of the dermis contains which structures:
- hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
- Collagen and elastic fibers oriented in parallel bundles
Reticular layer of the dermis: the collagen and elastic fibers oriented in parallel bundles serve to?
- Alignment result of applied stress during routine movement
- Bundles functioning to resist stress
- Orientation indicated by lines of cleavage (tension lines)
- Important consideration for surgery (incisions parallel to cleavage lines heal quickly)
An incision perpendicular to cleavage lines may ____
**gape and delay healing.
An incision parallel to
cleavage lines is more
likely to _____
heal quickly and
not gape open.
Innervation & blood supply of the dermis (2 things)
- Dermis with extensive nerve fibers
- Dermal blood vessels
Innervation & blood supply of the dermis:
-describe the extensive nerve fibers
- Sensory nerve fibers detect pain, temperature, touch, vibration,
- Motor nerve fibers control blood flow and gland secretions
Innervation & blood supply of the dermis:
-describe Dermal blood vessels (small vs large?)
- Supply nutrients to epidermis and dermis
- Large vessels along reticular and subcutaneous border
- Smaller vessels branching into dermis and dermal papillae
- Play an important role in body temperature and blood pressure regulation via vasoconstriction and vasodilation
- -*Vasoconstriction (blood vessel diameters narrowed, blood shunted from periphery toward deeper structures, occurring when trying to conserve heat)
–**Vasodilation (blood vessel diameter increased, more blood close to body surface, occurs when needing to loose heat)
Subcutaneous layer, aka
- subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia, hypodermis
- **Not a part of the integument
Describe the structure of. the subcutaneous layer.
- predominantly adipose CT, small amount of areolar CT
- highly vascularized
- Connective tissue fibers interwoven with those of reticular dermis
Function of the subcutaneous layer
- energy storage, insulation, cushion
- anchors the skin to underlying structure (mostly to muscles) & allows the skin to slide relatively freely over those structures
T/F: different sexes have different layered thickness and distribution of the subcutaneous layer
True!
- women, generally thicker, primarily in breasts, buttocks, hips, and thighs
- men, generally thinner, primarily in neck, upper arms, abdomen, lower back, buttocks
Integumentary structures derived from the epidermis:
- formed from portions of the epidermis invaginated into the _____.
- List the 6 structures they include
dermis
Including:
- Nails
- Hair
- Merocrine sweat glands
- Apocrine sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Ceruminous glands
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except:
- the hands and palmar surface of the fingers
- the sides and soles of the feet and toes
- the lips
- portions of the external genitalia
Describe–> hair composition
Composed of keratinized cells growing from hair follicles
Describe the structures included in a hair bulb:
- hair papilla
- matrix
What structures are included in the hair root:
- cuticle
- medulla
- cortex
- Hair follicle
- connective tissue root sheath