Integumentary and Musculoskeletal Systems Flashcards
What is the Integumentary System?
The body system that provides coverage for your internal organs.
What does the integumentary system comprise of?
Skin Hair Nails Sweat glands Sebaceous glands
Nails protect what?
Protect the fingers and toes
What enables the body to regulate temperature?
Skin
Hair
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
What are the skin’s functions?
Provides protection from the outer environment
Acts as a barrier against foreign pathogens
Sends the pain, temperature, pressure, and touch stimuli to the brain
When exposed to the sun it helps in synthesizing vitamin D, an essential vitamin needed to carry out various body functions
What is the weight of skin?
Between 7 & 9 lbs.
On average it takes up 20 square feet
About how many skin cells?
300 million
A single centimeter of skin contains what?
Meter-long blood vessels.
What is grafting?
A process of taking a piece of your own skin or a piece of donor skin and transplanting it to the affected site to grow and repair.
What are the skin’s 3 layers?
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
What is the the outer most layer of skin?
Epidermis
What are the 5 layers of epidermis?
Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale
What is the stratum corneum?
Surface layer
What is stratum lucidum?
Found just below the stratum corneum on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet only.
Provides additional protection for these high-use areas.
Cells in this area appear clear
What is stratum granulosum?
Cells begin the protection process and are then distributed among the layers.
These cells produce melanin
What is keratin?
The substance that constitutes your skin, hair, and nails.
What is stratum spinosum?
Known as the “prickle layer” for its spiny texture
What is stratum basale?
Deepest layer
What is the dermis?
Sometimes considered the “true skin” because it contains blood and lymph vessels, as well as nerve fibers
Also contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
Lies under the epidermal layer and is much thicker
Located between the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer
What cells produce fiber that helps to repair injuries?
Fibroblast
What cells protect the body by swallowing foreign materials such as bacteria?
Phagocytic
Mast cells contain what?
Histamine
What substance produces allergic reactions and heparin?
Histamine
What substance prevents blood clotting?
Heparin