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H&P II > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first thing you should do when you walk into the pt room?

A

Explain why MD’s are inferior

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2
Q

Risk factors of skin cancer?

A 
Male gender
History of melanoma
Over 50 years of age
Changes to moles
Over 50 common moles
Atypical moles
Red or light hair, light eyes, light skin
Actinic lentigenes
UV exposure
Blistering sun burns in childhood
Immunosuppression
Family history
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3
Q

What is the A of the ABCD?

A

Asymmetry. One half doesn’t match the appearance of the other half.

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4
Q

What is the B of the ABCD?

A

Border Irregularity. The edges are ragged, notched, or blurred.

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5
Q

What is the C of the ABCD?

A

Color Variation

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6
Q

What is the D of the ABCD?

A

Diameter. Size of lesions greater than 6 mm
About the size of a pencil eraser
Any growth of a mole should be evaluated.

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7
Q

What is the EFG of ABCD?

A 
Elevation
Feelings
Itching
Burning
“feels funny”
Growing rapidly
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8
Q

What is the order of examination in any system?

A

Inspection
Auscultation
Palpation
Percussion

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9
Q

THings u should look for on inspection of hair?

A

Distributions

Patterns of loss

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10
Q

What is alopecia?

A

hair loss

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11
Q

Causes of lateral eyebrow loss?

A

grooming (weirdo), hypothyroidism

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12
Q

What is hirsutism?

A

AKA persian syndrome, it’s a geneticly caused excess hair growth. Can be from increased hormones or drugs like steroids or phenytoin

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13
Q

What do you feel for on palpation of hair?

A

texture

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14
Q

What are the causes of fine, oile, or silky skin?

A

hyperthyroidism

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15
Q

WHat is the causes of dry, course, or thinning of the skin?

A

hypothyroidism

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16
Q

things to look for on inspection of the skin/?

A 
General scanning
Appropriate exposure
Symmetry
Exposure to the sun
Skin Type
Thickness (with palpation)
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17
Q

What is the characteristics of a type I skin?

A

I always get a sunburn.
I never get a tan.
white skin, freckles, blond or red hair, blue or green eyes

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18
Q

What is the characteristics of a type II skin?

A

I usually get a sunburn
I sometimes get a tan.
white skin, blond hair, blue or green eyes

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19
Q

What is the characteristics of a type III skin?

A

I seldom get a sunburn.
I usually get a tan.
white skin, usually dark hair, and brown eyes

20
Q

What is the characteristics of a type IV-VI skin?

A

I never get a sunburn.
I always get a dark tan.
brown to dark skin/ brown or black hair/ brown eyes

21
Q

Causes of red skin?

A 
Polycythemia
Carbon monoxide
Drug reaction
Exanthem
Increased blood flow
22
Q

Causes of white skin?

A

Albinism
Anemia
Vasovagal

23
Q

Causes of blue skin?

A 
Central
Lung disease
Congenital heart disease
Hemoglobin abnormalities
Peripheral
Congestive heart failure
Venous obstruction
24
Q

Causes of yellow skin?

A 
Hemolysis
Protein deficiency
Enzyme deficiency
Liver disease
Bile duct obstruction
25
Q

Causes of brown skin?

A

Poop
Pituitary (addisons)
Adrenal
Liver

26
Q

Causes of local red discoloration?

A

Cellulitis
Inflammation
Hemangioma

27
Q

Causes of local wwhite discoloration?

A

Vitiligo
Scar
Pityriasis Alba
Post-inflammatory

28
Q

Causes of local blue discoloration?

A

Venous pulling

Nevi

29
Q

Causes of local brown discoloration?

A

Nevi
Café au lait
Melanoma

30
Q

Characteristics of moisture on the skin?

A

Dry, moist, diaphoretic, oily

Examine skin folds

31
Q

Characteristics of temp on the skin?

A

Cool, warm, hot

32
Q

Characteristics of texture on the skin?

A

Rough (hypothyroidism), smooth, velvety (hyperthyroidism)

33
Q

What is there is poor turgor of the skin?

A

dehydration

34
Q

What is a macule?

A

A small, circular, flat spot less than 2/5 in (1 cm) in diameter. The color of a macule is not the same as that of nearby skin. Macules come in a variety of shapes and are usually brown, white, or red. Examples of macules include freckles and flat moles. A macule more than 2/5 in (1 cm) in diameter is called a patch.

35
Q

What is a nodule?

A

A solid lesion that has distinct edges and that is usually more deeply rooted than a papule. Doctors often describe a nodule as “palpable,” meaning that, when examined by touch, it can be felt as a hard mass distinct from the tissue surrounding it.

36
Q

What is a papule?

A

solid, raised lesion less than 2/5 in (1 cm) across. A patch of closely grouped papules more than 2/5 in (1 cm) across is called a plaque. Papules and plaques can be rough in texture and red, pink, or brown in color. Papules are associated with such conditions as warts, syphilis, psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratoses, lichen planus, and skin cancer.

37
Q

What is a pustule?

A

A raised lesion filled with pus. A pustule is usually the result of an infection, such as acne, imptigeo, or boils.

38
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A raised lesion less than 1/5 in (5 mm) across and filled with a clear fluid

39
Q

What is a wheal?

A

A skin elevation caused by swelling that can be itchy and usually disappears soon after erupting. Wheals are generally associated with an allergic reaction, such as to a drug or an insect bite

40
Q

Characteristics of nail exams?

A 
Hygiene
Bitten, clean, manicured
Color
Pink, cyanotic, yellowing (psoriasis), whitening, green (pseudomonas)
Clubbing
Hypoxia, cirrhosis, thyroid disorder
Nail folds
Lesions, inflammation
41
Q

What is leukonchia?

A

trauma afjhibasrgnirg9nn

42
Q

WHat are mees lines?

A

Follow curve of lunula

Follow acute or severe illness

43
Q

WHat are beau’s lines?

A

Transverse depressions

Acute Illness

44
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

pitting

45
Q

What is the capillary refill test?

A

Press nail to blanch the bed
Release
Estimate time for return of color
Greater than 2 seconds is delayed

H&P II (7 decks)

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