Integumentary Flashcards
What is the first thing you should do when you walk into the pt room?
Explain why MD’s are inferior
Risk factors of skin cancer?
Male gender History of melanoma Over 50 years of age Changes to moles Over 50 common moles Atypical moles Red or light hair, light eyes, light skin Actinic lentigenes UV exposure Blistering sun burns in childhood Immunosuppression Family history
What is the A of the ABCD?
Asymmetry. One half doesn’t match the appearance of the other half.
What is the B of the ABCD?
Border Irregularity. The edges are ragged, notched, or blurred.
What is the C of the ABCD?
Color Variation
What is the D of the ABCD?
Diameter. Size of lesions greater than 6 mm
About the size of a pencil eraser
Any growth of a mole should be evaluated.
What is the EFG of ABCD?
Elevation Feelings Itching Burning “feels funny” Growing rapidly
What is the order of examination in any system?
Inspection
Auscultation
Palpation
Percussion
THings u should look for on inspection of hair?
Distributions
Patterns of loss
What is alopecia?
hair loss
Causes of lateral eyebrow loss?
grooming (weirdo), hypothyroidism
What is hirsutism?
AKA persian syndrome, it’s a geneticly caused excess hair growth. Can be from increased hormones or drugs like steroids or phenytoin
What do you feel for on palpation of hair?
texture
What are the causes of fine, oile, or silky skin?
hyperthyroidism
WHat is the causes of dry, course, or thinning of the skin?
hypothyroidism
things to look for on inspection of the skin/?
General scanning Appropriate exposure Symmetry Exposure to the sun Skin Type Thickness (with palpation)
What is the characteristics of a type I skin?
I always get a sunburn.
I never get a tan.
white skin, freckles, blond or red hair, blue or green eyes
What is the characteristics of a type II skin?
I usually get a sunburn
I sometimes get a tan.
white skin, blond hair, blue or green eyes
What is the characteristics of a type III skin?
I seldom get a sunburn.
I usually get a tan.
white skin, usually dark hair, and brown eyes
What is the characteristics of a type IV-VI skin?
I never get a sunburn.
I always get a dark tan.
brown to dark skin/ brown or black hair/ brown eyes
Causes of red skin?
Polycythemia Carbon monoxide Drug reaction Exanthem Increased blood flow
Causes of white skin?
Albinism
Anemia
Vasovagal
Causes of blue skin?
Central Lung disease Congenital heart disease Hemoglobin abnormalities Peripheral Congestive heart failure Venous obstruction
Causes of yellow skin?
Hemolysis Protein deficiency Enzyme deficiency Liver disease Bile duct obstruction
Causes of brown skin?
Poop
Pituitary (addisons)
Adrenal
Liver
Causes of local red discoloration?
Cellulitis
Inflammation
Hemangioma
Causes of local wwhite discoloration?
Vitiligo
Scar
Pityriasis Alba
Post-inflammatory
Causes of local blue discoloration?
Venous pulling
Nevi
Causes of local brown discoloration?
Nevi
Café au lait
Melanoma
Characteristics of moisture on the skin?
Dry, moist, diaphoretic, oily
Examine skin folds
Characteristics of temp on the skin?
Cool, warm, hot
Characteristics of texture on the skin?
Rough (hypothyroidism), smooth, velvety (hyperthyroidism)
What is there is poor turgor of the skin?
dehydration
What is a macule?
A small, circular, flat spot less than 2/5 in (1 cm) in diameter. The color of a macule is not the same as that of nearby skin. Macules come in a variety of shapes and are usually brown, white, or red. Examples of macules include freckles and flat moles. A macule more than 2/5 in (1 cm) in diameter is called a patch.
What is a nodule?
A solid lesion that has distinct edges and that is usually more deeply rooted than a papule. Doctors often describe a nodule as “palpable,” meaning that, when examined by touch, it can be felt as a hard mass distinct from the tissue surrounding it.
What is a papule?
solid, raised lesion less than 2/5 in (1 cm) across. A patch of closely grouped papules more than 2/5 in (1 cm) across is called a plaque. Papules and plaques can be rough in texture and red, pink, or brown in color. Papules are associated with such conditions as warts, syphilis, psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratoses, lichen planus, and skin cancer.
What is a pustule?
A raised lesion filled with pus. A pustule is usually the result of an infection, such as acne, imptigeo, or boils.
What is a vesicle?
A raised lesion less than 1/5 in (5 mm) across and filled with a clear fluid
What is a wheal?
A skin elevation caused by swelling that can be itchy and usually disappears soon after erupting. Wheals are generally associated with an allergic reaction, such as to a drug or an insect bite
Characteristics of nail exams?
Hygiene Bitten, clean, manicured Color Pink, cyanotic, yellowing (psoriasis), whitening, green (pseudomonas) Clubbing Hypoxia, cirrhosis, thyroid disorder Nail folds Lesions, inflammation
What is leukonchia?
trauma afjhibasrgnirg9nn
WHat are mees lines?
Follow curve of lunula
Follow acute or severe illness
WHat are beau’s lines?
Transverse depressions
Acute Illness
What is psoriasis?
pitting
What is the capillary refill test?
Press nail to blanch the bed
Release
Estimate time for return of color
Greater than 2 seconds is delayed
