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ANAPHY (DOC) > INTEGUMENTARY (2nd ppt) > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY (2nd ppt) Flashcards

1
Q

cover surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets around organs

A

BODY MEMBRANES

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2
Q

Function of body membranes (3)

A

• LINE OR COVER BODY SURFACES
• PROTECT BODY SURFACES
• LUBRICATE BODY SURFACES

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3
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF BODY MEMBRANES (2)

A
  1. EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES
  2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANE
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4
Q

KINDS OF EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES

A
  1. CUTANEOUS MEMBRANES
  2. MUCOUS MEMBRANES
  3. SEROUS MEMBRANES
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5
Q

Types of Cutaneous Membrane

A

• cutaneous membrane = skin
• Superficial epidermis
• Underlying dermis

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6
Q

A dry membrane and the outermost protective boundary

A

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE = SKIN

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7
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

SUPERFICIAL EPIDERMIS

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8
Q

Mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue

A

UNDERLYING DERMIS

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9
Q

• Surface epithelium (Type depend on site)
• Underlying loose connective tissue (lamina propria)

A

MUCOUS MEMBRANES

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10
Q

• Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface
• Often adapted for absorption or secretion
• Wet membranes bathed in secretions

A

MUCOUS MEMBRANES

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11
Q

• Surface simple squamous epithelium
• Underlying areolar connective tissue

A

SEROUS MEMBRANES

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12
Q

• Lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body
• Occur in pairs – parietal and visceral
• Serous layers separated by
serous fluid

A

SEROUS MEMBRANES

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13
Q

SPECIFIC SEROUS MEMBRANES

A

• Peritoneum (Abdominal cavity)
• Pleura (Around the lungs)
• Pericardium (Around the heart)

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14
Q

• Areolar connective tissue only
• Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints
• Line small sac of connective tissue called bursae and the tube-like tendon sheaths

A

Synovial membrane

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15
Q

Skin derivatives

A

• Sweat glands
• Oil glands
• Hairs
• Nails

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16
Q

Skin Protects deeper tissues from:

A

• Bacterial damage
• Chemical damage
• Desiccation
• Mechanical damage
• Thermal damage
• Ultraviolet radiation
• Protective and cushioning
• Waterproof
• Aids in heat regulation
• Aids in excretion of salts, urea and uric acid
• Synthesizes vitamin D
• Contains sensory receptors

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17
Q

SKIN STRUCTURE

A

• EPIDERMIS
• DERMIS
• HYPODERMIS

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18
Q

• outer layer
• Stratified squamous epithelium
• Often keratinized (hardened by keratin)

A

EPIDERMIS

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19
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

DERMIS

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20
Q

• Deep to dermis
• Not part of the skin
• Anchors skin to underlying organs
• Composed mostly of adipose tissue
• Serves as shock absorber and insulation for deeper tissues

A

HYPODERMIS

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21
Q

LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS

A

• Stratum basale
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum lucidum (Occurs only in thick, hairless skin)
• Stratum corneum

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22
Q

• deepest layer
• Cells undergoing mitosis
• Lies next to dermis and receives nutrients from the dermis by diffusion

A

STRATUM BASALE

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23
Q

old stratum basale cells

A

STRATUM SPINOSUM

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24
Q

old stratum spinosum cells

A

STATUM GRANULOSUM

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25
Q

Occurs only in thick, hairless skin

A

STRATUM LUCIDUM

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26
Q

• Shingle-like dead cells that are 3⁄4 of the epidermal thickness
• Completely filled with keratin cells called cornified or horny cells

A

STRATUM CORNEUM

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27
Q

• Pigment produced by melanocytes
• Color is yellow to brown to black
• Melanocytes are mostly in the stratum basale
• Amount of melanin produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight

A

MELANIN

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28
Q

two layers of Dermis

A

Papillary layer
Reticular Layer

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29
Q

• Projections called dermal papillae
• Pain receptors and touch receptors
• Capillary loops for nutrients
• Result in fingerprints

A

PAPILLARY LAYER

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30
Q

• Blood vessels
• Sweat and oil glands
• Nerve receptors

A

RETICULAR LAYER

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31
Q

dermis means _____

A

the “hide”

32
Q

Both _____ and _____ are found in the dermis

A

collagen and elastic fibers

33
Q

responsible for the toughness of the dermis and for binding water to keep
it hydrated

A

COLLAGEN

34
Q

give skin elasticity when we are young but lessens as we age along with collagen

A

ELASTIC FIBERS

35
Q

Normal Skin Color Determinants

A

MELANIN
CAROTENE
HEMOGLOBIN
REDNESS OR ERYTHEMA
PALLOR OR BLANCHING
JAUDICE OR YELLOWCAST
BRUISES OR BLACK AND BLUE MARKS

36
Q

• amount and kind
• Yellow, brown or black pigments

A

MELANIN

37
Q

Orange-yellow pigment from some
vegetables

A

CAROTENE

38
Q

• Red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries
• Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring

A

HEMOGLOBIN

39
Q

blushing

A

REDNESS OR ERYTHEMA

40
Q

pale from fear or anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow

A

PALLOR OR BLANCHING

41
Q

liver disorder where excess bile pigments are absorbed in
the blood

A

JAUNDICE OR YELLOW CAST

42
Q

where blood has escaped from vessels and clotted in the tissue spaces – called hematomas

A

BRUISES OR BLACK AND BLUE MARKS

43
Q

Arise from the epidermis and play a role in maintaining homeostasis of the body

A

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

44
Q

• Release their secretions to the skin surface via ducts
• Sebaceous glands and sweat glands

A

CUTANEOUS GLAND - exocrine gland

45
Q

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

A

CUTANEOUS GLAND
SEBACEOUS GLAND
SWEAT GALNDS — SUDORIFERIOUS

46
Q

• Produce oil - sebum
• Lubricant for skin
• Kills bacteria
• Prevents hair from becoming brittle
• Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles • Glands are activated at puberty

A

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

47
Q

Widely distributed in skin

A

SWEAT GLANDS — SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

48
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

ECCRINE
APOCRINE

49
Q

Open via duct to pore on skin surface

A

ECCRINE

50
Q

Ducts empty into hair follicles

A

APOCRINE

51
Q

COMPOSITION OF SWEAT

A

• Mostly water with some salts and vitamin C
• Some metabolic waste and lactic acid
• Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only), which may have a milky or yellowish color

52
Q

FUNCTION OF SWEAT

A

• Helps dissipate excess heat – eccrine only
• Excretes waste products
• Acidic nature inhibits bacteria growth

53
Q

from associated bacteria living off
proteins and fats

A

ODOR

54
Q

• Produced by hair bulb matrix
• Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells
• Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color

A

HAIR

55
Q

• Serves a few minor protective functions
• Used to serve as insulation and still does in some animals
• Produced by a hair follicle – flexible epithelial structure
• Part of the hair enclosed in the follicle is the root
• Part projecting from the surface of the scalp is the shaft

A

HAIR

56
Q

Central core of hair

A

MEDULLA

57
Q

surrounds medulla

A

CORTEX

58
Q

_____ on outside of cortex formed from a single layer of cells that overlap like shingles on a roof to keep hairs separated

A

CUTICLE

59
Q

• Most heavily keratinized to provide strength
• Worn more at tips to cause split
ends

A

CUTICLE

60
Q

Dermal (provides blood vessels) and epidermal sheath surround hair root

A

HAIR FOLLICLE

61
Q

Smooth muscle cause the hair
to stand up – goose bumps

A

ARRECTOR PILLI

62
Q

ASSOCIATED HAIR STRUCTURES

A

HAIR FOLLICLE
ARRECTOR PILLI
SEBACEOUS (oil) GLAND
SWEAT GLAND

63
Q

Three parts of nails

A

• Free edge
• Body
• Root of nail

64
Q

proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body – often called cuticle

A

EPONYCHIUM

65
Q

• Scale-like modifications of the epidermis
• Heavily keratinized
• Stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed
• The thickened proximal area called the nail matrix is responsible for nail growth
• Lack of pigment makes them colorless
• Appear pink due to blood vessels underneath
• White crescent – lunula – thickened nail matrix

A

NAILS

66
Q

• Only epidermis is damaged
• Skin is red and swollen
• Partial-thickness burn that heals quickly

A

FIRST-DEGREE BURNS

67
Q

• Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged
• Skin is red with blisters
• Partial-thickness burn that heals w/o scar

A

SECOND DEGREE BURNS

68
Q

• Destroys entire skin layer
• Burn is gray-white or black
• Nerve endings destroyed so not painful
• Full-thickness burn that does not heal and grafting is necessary

A

THIRD DEGREE BURNS

69
Q

• Extend through the skin to injure muscle, ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones
•These burns always require medical treatment

A

FOURTH-DEGREE BURNS

70
Q

abnormal cell mass

A

CANCER

71
Q

most common type of cancer

A

SKIN CANCER

72
Q

• Least malignant
• Most common type
• Arises from stratum basale that no longer makes keratin and stays in place

A

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

73
Q

• Arises from stratum spinosum
• Metastasizes to lymph nodes
• Early removal allows a good chance of cure

A

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

74
Q

• Most deadly of skin cancers
• Cancer of melanocytes
• Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels
• Detection uses ABCD rule

A

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

75
Q

ABCD RULE

A

• A=Asymmetry (Two sides of pigmented mole do not match)

• B = Border irregularity (Borders of mole are not smooth)

• C = Color (Different colors in pigmented area)

• D = Diameter (Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter)

76
Q

Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals

A

BURNS

ANAPHY (DOC) (3 decks)

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