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ANAPHY (DOC) > BLOOD > Flashcards

BLOOD Flashcards

1
Q

The only fluid tissue in the human body

A

BLOOD

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2
Q

blood is classified as a connective tissue. The
Living cells = _____ &
Non-living matrix = ______

A

Living cells = formed elements ;
Non-living matrix = plasma

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3
Q

pH must remain between ______

A

7.35–7.45

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3
Q

dull red blood indicates ______

A

oxygen-poor blood

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3
Q

Blood temperature is _____ than body temperature

A

slightly higher

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4
Q

scarlet red blood indicates ______

A

oxygen-rich blood

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5
Q

______ is Composed of approximately 90 percent water

A

BLOOD PLASMA

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6
Q

Blood plasma includes many dissolved substances such as:

A

o Nutrients
o Salts (metal ions)
o Respiratory gases
o Hormones
o Proteins
o Waste products

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6
Q

PLASMA PROTEINS (3)

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Clotting proteins
  3. Antibodies
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6
Q

a plasma protein that help to stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured

A

clotting proteins

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6
Q

a plasma protein that regulates osmotic pressure

A

albumin

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7
Q

a plasma protein that help protect the body from
antigens

A

antibodies

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7
Q

Erythrocytes = ______

A

red blood cells

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8
Q

Leukocytes = ______

A

white blood cells

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9
Q

Platelets = __________

A

cell fragments

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10
Q

ERYTHROCYTES (RED BLOOD CELLS) main function is ______

A

to carry oxygen

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10
Q

Iron-containing protein that binds strongly, but reversibly, to oxygen

A

hemoglobin

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10
Q

Each hemoglobin molecule has _____ oxygen binding sites

A

four

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11
Q

Each erythrocyte has _____ hemoglobin molecules

A

250 million

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11
Q

These are complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles and is crucial in the body’s defense against disease

A

LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS)

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12
Q

move into and out of blood vessels refers to ______

A

diapedesis

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12
Q

_______ respond to chemicals released by
damaged tissues

A

LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS)

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13
Q

Normal levels of leukocyte are between _____ and _____
cells per millimeter

A

4,000 and 11,000
cells per millimeter

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14
Q

Abnormal leukocyte levels
are either called:

A

Leukocytosis and Leukopenia

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15
Q

Granules in their cytoplasm can be stained. This Include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

Granulocytes

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15
Q

It refers to abnormally low leukocyte level and commonly caused by certain drugs

A

Leukopenia

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15
Q

Refers to leukocytes level is above 11,000 leukocytes/ml. It Generally indicates an infection

A

Leukocytosis

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16
Q

Multilobed nucleus with fine granules

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules

A

Eosinophils

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16
Q

Act as phagocytes at active sites of infection

A

Neutrophils

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17
Q

Found in repsonse to allergies and
parasitic worms

A

Eosinophils

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18
Q

Have histamine-containing granules AND Initiate inflammation

A

Basophils

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19
Q

Lack visible cytoplasmic granules. It Include lymphocytes and monocytes

A

Agranulocytes

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20
Q

Nucleus fills most of the cell

A

Lymphocytes

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20
Q

Play an important role in the immune response

A

Lymphocytes

20
Q

Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells
(megakaryocytes)

A

PLATELETS

21
Q

→ Largest of the white blood cells
→ Function as macrophages
→ Important in fighting chronic infection

A

Monocytes

22
Q

Normal platelet count = _______/mm3

A

300,000/mm3

23
Q

Needed for the clotting process

A

PLATELETS

24
Q

A blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

25
Q

All blood cells are derived from a common stem cell called _______

A

hemocytoblast

25
Q

In Lymphoid, stem cell produces _______; In Myeloid stem cell produces ______

A

Lymphoid: lymphocytes; Myeloid: other formed element

26
Q

ERYTHROCYTES Wear out in ____ to ___ days

A

100 to 120 days

26
Q

FATE OF ERYTHROCYTES
is ______ to divide, grow, or synthesize proteins

A

Unable

27
Q

Erythrocytes when worn out, are eliminated by ______ in the spleen or liver

A

phagocytes

28
Q

Rate is controlled by a hormone _______

A

erythropoietin

29
Q

Kidneys produce most _________ as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the
blood

A

erythropoietin

30
Q

Kidneys produce most erythropoietin as a
response to _________

A

reduced oxygen levels in the
blood

31
Q

Homeostasis is maintained by ______ from blood oxygen levels

A

negative feedback

32
Q

Hemostasis involves three phases

A

o Platelet plug formation
o Vascular spasms
o Coagulation

33
Q

______ are exposed by a break in a blood vessel

A

Collagen fibers

33
Q

______ causes blood vessel muscles to spasm

A

Serotonin

33
Q

It is the Stoppage of blood flow that result of a break in a blood vessel

A

HEMOSTASIS

33
Q

_______ release serotonin

A

Anchored platelets

33
Q

Anchored platelets release _______

A

serotonin

33
Q

Platelets pile up to form a ________

A

platelet plug

33
Q

_____ narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss

A

Spasms

34
Q

______ interacts with
thromboplastin, blood protein clotting factors, and calcium ions to trigger a clotting cascade

A

PF3 (a phospholipid)

34
Q

Injured tissues release __________

A

thromboplastin

35
Q

_______ converts prothrombin to thrombin (an enzyme)

A

Prothrombin activator

36
Q

______ joins fibrinogen proteins into hair-like fibrin

A

Thrombin

37
Q

_____ forms a meshwork (the basis for a clot)

A

Fibrin

38
Q

Blood usually clots within ___ to ___ minutes

A

3 to 6 minutes

39
Q

The clot is broken down after _______

A

tissue repair

39
Q

A thrombus that breaks away and floats
freely in the bloodstream

A

Embolus

40
Q

The clot remains as _____

A

endothelium regenerates

40
Q

Can later clog vessels in critical areas such as the brain

A

Embolus

40
Q

A clot in an unbroken blood vessel. It Can be deadly in areas like the heart

A

Thrombus

41
Q

It refers to Platelet deficiency. Even normal movements can cause bleeding from small blood vessels that require platelets for clotting

A

Thrombocytopenia

42
Q

It refers to Hereditary bleeding disorder where in normal clotting factors are missing

A

Hemophilia

43
Q

Loss of ____ percent of blood causes shock, which can be fatal

A

over 30 percent

44
Q

Loss of _____ percent of blood causes weakness

A

15 to 30 percent

45
Q

_____ are the only way to replace blood quickly

A

Transfusions

46
Q

foreign protein refers to _____

A

antigen

47
Q

Blood is “typed” by using antibodies that will
cause blood with certain proteins to clump

A

agglutination

48
Q

The most vigorous transfusion reactions are
caused by ___ and ___ blood group antigens

A

ABO and Rh

48
Q

blood groups are based on the presence or absence of two antigens:

A

Type A & Type B

48
Q

The lack of antigens A and B is called _____

A

type O

49
Q

The presence of either A or B is called ________

A

type A for Antigen A;
type B for Antigen B

49
Q

The presence of both A and B is called _____

A

type AB

50
Q

Problems can occur in mixing ____ blood
into a body with ____ blood

A

Rh+ with Rh–

50
Q

presence or absence
of one of eight Rh antigens

A

agglutinogen D

51
Q

testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipient’s serum, and vice versa

A

Cross matching

52
Q

The ____ and ______ are early sites of blood cell formation

A

fetal liver and spleen

53
Q

_______ takes over hematopoiesis by
the seventh month

A

Bone marrow

ANAPHY (DOC) (3 decks)

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