Integumentary Flashcards
it consists of the skin, hair and nails which are external structures that serve a variety of specialized functions.
Integumentary system
it is the largest organ of the body.
skin
it is a physical barrier that protects the underlying tissues and organs of microorganisms, physical trauma, ultraviolet radiation and dehydration.
skin
what are the three layers of skin
epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
it contains varying amounts of fat that connects the skin to underlying structures.
subcutaneous tissue/ hypodermis
it is the outer layer of skin and composed of four distinct layers.
epidermis
what are the four distinct layers of epidermis? in order.
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum.
the outermost layer that consists of dead keratinized cells that render the skin waterproof.
stratum corneum
A scleroprotein that is insoluble in water.
keratin
a layer of skin that is completely replaced every 3-4 weeks.
epidermal layer
the only layer that undergoes cell division and contains melanin and keratin-forming cells.
innermost layer/ stratum germinativum
major determinant of skin color.
melanin
inner layer of skin.
dermis
a well vascularized, connective tissue layer containing collagen, elastic fibers, nerve endings and lymph vessels.
dermis
the origin of sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles.
dermis
what are the two types of sweat glands?
eccrine and apocrine glands
their primary functions are the secretion, of sweat and thermoregulation, which is accomplished by evaporation of sweat from the skin surface.
eccrine glands
associated with hair follicles in axillae, perineum, and aerolae of the breast.
apocrine glands
it stores fat as an energy reserve.
subcutaneous tissue
it consists of layers of keratinized cells.
hair
hair develops within a sheath of epidermal cells called?
hair follicle
what are the two types of hair?
terminal and vellus
is short, pale fine and present over much of the body.
vellus hair
is longer, generally darker and coarser than vellus hair.
terminal hair
it extends over the nail bed and has a pink tinge as a result of blood vessels underneath
nail body
is a crescent shaped area located at the base of the nail.
lunula
where does hair growth occur?
within hair follicle
changes in sensation or temperature may indicate what?
vascular or neurologic problems
abnormal sensations of tingling, pricking, or burning are referred to as…
paresthesia
numbness or dulling of the sensations of pain, temperature snd touch to the feet may be seen in…
diabetic peripheral neuropathy
what is hyperhidrosis?
uncontrolled body odor or excessive or insufficient perspiration.
perspiration decreases in aging as sweat gland….
decreases
generalized hair loss may be seen in various systemic illnesses such as…
hypothyroidism
green, black or brown nail discolorations may indicate what?
bacterial infections
yellow, thick crumbling nails may be seen in…
fungal infections
It causes white color and separation of the plate from the nail bed.
Onycholysis
what are the five major types of tattoos?
traumatic, amateur, professional, medical, cosmetic
caused by debris embedded in skin, as after a motorcycle accident.
traumatic
placed by non professionals using india ink with a pin.
amateur
applied by a professional or skilled tattoo artists
professional
used to delineate a landmark for radiation.
medical
used for permanent, eyeliner, lipstick, hair, blush or eyebrows
cosmetic
a cysteine-derivative that contains polybenzothiazine portions that are largely responsible for the red or yellow tint given to some skin or hair colors.
pheomelanin
a brown to black pigment that is the most common form of melanin.
eumelanin
the hair ____ is visible above the skin.
hair shaft
the hair ___ is surrounded by the hair follicle.
hair root
it is a hospital acquired infection.
that increases the client’s risk for a Hospital Aquired Infection (HAI)
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
male hair pattern baldness
nerwood scale
temperature extremes affects the blood supply to the skin and can damage the skin layers.
examples include…
frostbite and burns
tattoo’s can cause what kind of infection?
hepatitis C
exposure to the sun can aggravate conditions such as…
scleroderma
what is the most serious skin cancer?
malignant melanoma
this is the most common skin cancer in whites
basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
this is the common skin cancer in darker skin.
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
keloids are more likely to form between what ages?
10 and 30, especially before age 18
