Integumentary

Question 1

What is integumentary integrity

Answer 1

intact skin, including the ability of the skin to serve as a barrier to environmental threats such as bacteria, pressure, shear, friction, and moisture

Question 2

What is the structure of the skin>

Answer 2

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

Question 3

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 3

stratum corneu,
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
basement membrane

Question 4

What is the stratum corneum?>

Answer 4

most superifical layer that acts as the primary barrier
composed of soft keratin, dead squamous cells

Question 5

What is stratum lucidum

Answer 5

second layer below stratu corneum
thin, clear layer of dead skin cells
typically only seen in regions like the palms of the hands and sole of feet

Question 6

What is stratum granulosum

Answer 6

layer that contains the transition zone for the development of keratin

Question 7

What is stratum spinosum

Answer 7

layer contains spiky or spiny projections

Question 8

What is stratum basale?

Answer 8

the deepest and most continuous layers of the epidermis
typically 1-3 layers of thick cells
regenerates the epidermis
contains other cells (Merkel, Langerhans, Melanocytes, keratinocytes)

Question 9

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 9

the layer that separates the epidermis and dermis

Question 10

What are the functions of the dermis>

Answer 10

thickest layer
functions:
thermoregulation
storage of water/maintaining hydration
provides nutrients and waste removal for itself and the epidermis

Question 11

What are the two regiosn of the dermis?

Answer 11

papillary region– bumpy surface that interdigitates with the epidermis, strengthening the connection
reticular region– contains collagen, elastic, and reticular

Question 12

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 12

subcutaneous tissue
attaches skin to underlying bone and muscle
contains loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, and elastin
provides insulation and shock absorption

Question 13

What are risk factors that affect tissue healing?

Answer 13

comorbitities – CV, DM, SCI
nutrition
obesity
smoking, alcohol
sedentary or limited mobility
impaired sensation
risk-prone behavior

Question 14

What are extrinsic factors that affect tissue healing?

Answer 14

shoes
orthotics, prosthetics
seating
positioning and posture
haristyles
vital signs and sensory testing
other exam items (MMT, goni, etc)

Question 15

What is blanchable skin?

Answer 15

reddened area that turns pae under applied light pressure

Question 16

What is non blanchable?

Answer 16

an area of redness that does not blanch under applied light pressure
more concernes with potential pressure injury

Question 17

What are abnormal skin colors?

Answer 17

blue= cyanosis
purple= deep tissue injury
red= infection or inflammation
(or dermatitis or cellulitis, erythema)
white= Reynaud’s
black= necrosis, gangrene
yellow= jaundice

Question 18

What is erythema?

Answer 18

abnormal red color
may indicate underlying infection
indicative of Stage 1 pressure injuries if over bony prominence
may be a 1st degree burn

Question 19

What is the alphabet of nail melanoma?

Answer 19

A= age range 20-90 years, African American, Native American,, Asian
B= band of brown or black pigment in nail, breadth of >3mm OR border that is irregular/blurred
C= change in size or growth rate of nail band OR lack of change in irregular nail despite treatent
D= digit involved (most common in thumb>big toe>index finger)
E= extension of brwon or black pigment to the side or base of the nail
F= family or personal hx of melanoma or irregular moles

Question 20

What is petechia

Answer 20

small 1-2 mm, <3 mm, red or purple spot on the skin

Question 21

What is purpura

Answer 21

> 3 mm

Question 22

What is ecchymosis

Answer 22

> 1 cm; commonly called a bruise

Question 23

What is edema?

Answer 23

defined as excees fluid in the interstitial tissue
can be multifactorial in cause
impedes healing regardless of etiology
extent and type of edema helps identify wound etiology

Question 24

What is localized edema?

Answer 24

sign of infection
result of inflammatory response in the immediates wound area

Question 25

What is the pitting edema grades?

Answer 25

1+= barely perceptible
2+ (mild)= skin rebounds <15 seconds
3+ (mod)= skin rebounds in 15-30 secinds
4+ (severe)= skin rebounds in >30 seconds

Question 26

What are the 5 signs/symptoms of acute inflammation?

Answer 26

rubur=redness
fumor= swelling
calsor= heat
dolor= pain
functio laesa= loss of function