Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Lecture > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

largest single organ of the body ; 15%-20% of total body weight

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two major layers of skin

A

Epidermis and Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

an epithelial layer of ectodermal
origin ; the one directly observed physically

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a layer of mesodermal connective
tissue ; the thickest layer, divided into the
papillary layer and reticular layer

A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structures that are embedded in the skin but
otherwise considered as a separate organ/tissue

A

Epidermal derivatives of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The four epidermal layers of the skin

A

Hair follicles and hair
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
Sebaceous glands
Nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functions of the Skin

A

Protective
Sensory
Thermoregulatory
Metabolic
Sexual signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

provides a physical barrier against thermal
and mechanical insults

A

Protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

allow skin to
constantly monitor the environment

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

skin’s insulating components and its
mechanisms for accelerating heat loss

A

Thermoregulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cells of skin synthesize vitamin D3, needed in
calcium metabolism and proper bone
formation

A

Metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

effects of sex pheromones produced by
the apocrine sweat glands

A

Sexual signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

consist mainly of a stratified squamous
keratinized epithelium composed of cells called keratinocytes

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cells in Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
Langerhan cells
Melanocytes
Merkel cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

production of the protein
keratin ; Predominant cell type of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

skin macrophage ; It possesses characteristic, tennis racquet-shaped Birbeck granules ; Most clearly seen in the spinous layer

A

Langerhan cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

produces melanin ; Neural crest-derived ; dendritic cell that is scattered among the
basal cells of the stratum basale

A

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

granules that contain melanin

A

Melanosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

precursor of melanin

A

Tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Epithelial tactile cells ; Function in cutaneous sensation ; Abundant in highly sensitive skin like that of fingertips and at the bases of some hair follicles ; Located in the stratum basale

A

Merkel cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thick skin

A

Palms and soles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thin skin

A

Elsewhere on the body
─stratum basale
─stratum spinosum
─stratum granulosum
─stratum lucidum
─stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Layers of Epidermis

A

Basal layer (stratum basale)
Spinous layer (stratum spinosum)
Granular layer (stratum granulosum)
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

single layer of basophilic cuboidal or
columnar cells ; Characterized by intense mitotic activity and contains ; Important feature – cytoskeletal keratins

A

Basal layer (stratum basale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Thickest layer, especially in the epidermal
ridges ; Synthesis of much keratin and other proteins takes place ; exhibit spinous processes

A

Spinous layer (stratum spinosum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Keratinocytes in this layer contain numerous
keratohyalin granules

A

Granular layer (stratum granulosum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

important in the aggregation of the keratin
filaments ; cysteine rich and histidine rich proteins considered as the precursors of the protein filaggrin ; when released by exocytosis would usually
produce a layer that is lipid rich around the cell

A

Lamellar granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Consists of a thin, translucent layer of
flattened eosinophilic keratinocytes held
together by desmosomes ; a subdivision of the stratum corneum ; Only well seen in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

29
Q

Most differentiated cells in the skin; Layers of squamous, keratinized cells filled with birefringent filamentous keratins ; Squames- Layers of dead skin cells

A

Stratum corneum

30
Q

layer of connective tissue that supports the
epidermis and binds it to the subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

A

Dermis

31
Q

Layer of the Dermis

A

Papillary layer
Reticular layer

32
Q

what lies between the papillary and reticular dermal layers

A

microvascular subpapillary plexus

33
Q

are the extension of the
epidermis to the dermis

A

Epidermal ridges

34
Q

are projections of the dermis
unto the epidermis

A

Dermal papillae

35
Q

Thin ; Topmost layer of the dermis ; Includes the dermal papillae ; Consists of loose connective tissue ; Types I and III collagen fibers, fibroblasts and scattered mast cells, macrophages, and other leukocytes

A

Papillary layer

36
Q

Much thicker ; Consists of dense irregular connective tissue ; More fibers and fewer cells than the papillary layer ; A network of elastic fibers is also present

A

Reticular layer

37
Q

Consists of loose connective tissue that binds
the skin loosely to the subjacent organs,
making it possible for the skin to slide over
them ; Contains adipocytes ; Extensive vascular supply

A

Hypodermis or superficial fascia (Subcutaneous Tissue)

38
Q

the skin functions as an extensive receiver for various stimuli from the environment

A

Sensory Receptors

39
Q

Unencapsulated sensory receptor

A

Merkel cells
Free nerve endings
Root hair plexuses

40
Q

Encapsulated sensory receptor

A

Meissner corpuscles
Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles
Krause end bulbs
Ruffini corpuscles

41
Q

Tonic receptors for sustained light touch and
for sensing an object’s texture ; Tactile disc

A

Merkel cells

42
Q

Most numerous neuronal receptors in the
epidermis ; Start in stratum basale ; Terminate in the stratum granulosum ; Respond primarily to high and low temperatures, pain, and itching, but also
function as tactile receptors

A

Free nerve endings

43
Q

A web of sensory fibers surrounding the bases of hair follicles in the reticular dermis that detects movements of the hairs

A

Root hair plexuses

44
Q

Elliptical structures, consisting of sensory
axons winding among flattened Schwann cells arranged perpendicular to the epidermis in the dermal papillae ; Touch receptors ; Responsive to low frequency stimuli in the papillary layer of hairless skin

A

Meissner corpuscles

45
Q

large oval structures with an outer capsule
and 15-50 thin ; found deep in the reticular dermis and hypodermis ; wall of the rectum and urinary bladder ; specialized for sensing coarse touch, pressure, and vibrations

A

Pacinian corpuscles

46
Q

Simpler encapsulated, ovoid structures, with
extremely thin, collagenous capsules
penetrated by a sensory fiber ; Found primarily in the sin of the penis and
clitoris where they sense low frequency
vibrations ; Also known as bulboid corpuscle/genital corpuscle ; Detects cold as a thermo receptor

A

Krause end bulbs

47
Q

Collagenous, fusiform capsules anchored
firmly to the surrounding connective tissue ; Respond to stretch and torque ; Detects warm temperature

A

Ruffini corpuscles

48
Q

elongated keratinized structures that form within epidermal invaginations, the hair follicles

A

Hair

49
Q

growing hair follicle has a terminal dilation called a hair bulb

A

Hair

50
Q

base of the bulb is invaginated by a tuft of vascularized loose connective tissue called a dermal papilla

A

Hair

51
Q

these cells form the matrix of the elongating hair root ; the part of a hair extending beyond the skin surface is called the hair shaft

A

Hair

52
Q

the part of a hair extending beyond the skin surface

A

hair shaft

53
Q

A generally long period of mitotic activity and growth

A

anagen

54
Q

A brief period of arrested growth and regression
of the hair bulb

A

catagen

55
Q

A final long period of inactivity

A

telogen

56
Q

hard plates of keratin on the dorsal surface of each distal phalanx

A

Nail

57
Q

The proximal part of the nail

A

nail root

58
Q

bound to a bed of epidermis, which contains only the basal and spinous epidermal layers

A

nail bed

59
Q

forms from the nail matrix in which
cells divide, move distally, and become
keratinized in a process somewhat similar to hair formation but without keratohyaline granules

A

nail root

60
Q

embedded in the dermis over most of the body, except in the thick, glabrous skin of the palms and soles

A

Sebaceous Glands

61
Q

branched acinar glands with several acini
converging at a short duct that usually empties into Sebaceous Glandsthe upper portion of a hair follicle

A

Sebaceous Glands

62
Q

a hair follicle and its associated sebaceous
glands make up a pilosebaceous unit ; holocrine secretion ; Sebocytes ; Sebum

A

Sebaceous Glands

63
Q

a complex mixture of lipids that includes
wax esters, squalene, cholesterol, and
triglycerides that are hydrolyzed by bacterial
enzymes after secretion

A

Sebum

64
Q

helps maintain the stratum corneum and
hair shafts and exerts weak antibacterial and
antifungal properties

A

Sebum

65
Q

Widely distributed in the skin and are most
numerous on the foot soles ; Secretory part is stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Eccrine sweat glands

66
Q

A physiologic response to increased body
temperature during physical exercise or
thermal stress ; Most effective means of temperature regulation of humans

A

Sweating

67
Q

largely confined to skin of the axillary and
perineal regions ; production of pheromones ; Merocrine secretion ; Simple cuboidal ; Larger lumen

A

Apocrine sweat glands

68
Q

Collagen-rich, well vascularized tissue in the
dermis, which gradually replaces the blood
clot ; Undergoes remodeling

A

Granulation Tissue

Histology Lecture (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions