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Histology Lecture > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

pumps and directs blood cells and substances carried in blood to all tissues of the body

A

Circulatory System

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2
Q

organ that serves as a pump to circulate the blood

A

Heart

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3
Q

three main layers of the heart

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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4
Q

Consists of a very thin inner layer of
endothelium and supporting connective
tissue, a middle myoelastic layer of smooth
muscle fibers and connective tissue

A

Endocardium

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5
Q

Consists mainly of cardiac muscle with its
fibers arranged spirally around each heart
chamber ; Thicker in the walls of the ventricles, particularly the left, than in the atrial walls

A

Myocardium

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6
Q

A simple squamous mesothelium supported by a layer of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves ; Corresponds to the visceral layer of the
pericardium

A

Epicardium

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7
Q

Dense irregular fibrous connective tissue ; Forms part of the interventricular and
interatrial septa surrounds all valves of the heart, and extends into the valve cusps and the chordae tendineae to which they are
attached

A

Cardiac skeleton

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8
Q

divides the atrium and
ventricles

A

Septa

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9
Q

Generates and propagates waves of
depolarization that spread through the
myocardium to stimulate rhythmic
contractions

A

Conducting system of the heart

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10
Q

Conducting system of the heart

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node (or pacemaker) and the
atrioventricular (AV) node AV bundle (of
His) subendocardial conducting network

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11
Q

Composed of connective tissue with overlying endocardium

A

Heart valves

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12
Q

3 layers of the heart valve

A

Fibrosa
Spongiosa
Ventricularis

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13
Q

core of the valve and contains
fibrous extensions from the dense irregular
connective tissue of the skeletal rings of the
heart

A

Fibrosa

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14
Q

loose connective tissue located
on the atrial or blood vessel side of each valve ; acts as a shock absorber to dampen
vibrations associated with the closing of the valve

A

Spongiosa

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15
Q

adjacent to the ventricular or
atrial surface of each valve and is covered
with endothelium ;

A

Ventricularis

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16
Q

Tissues of the Vascular Wall

A

Endothelium
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue

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17
Q

specialized epithelium that acts as a
semipermeable barrier between two major
internal compartments: the blood plasma and the interstitial tissue fluid

A

Endothelium

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18
Q

Vascular endothelial cells are squamous,
polygonal, and elongated with the long axis in the direction of blood flow

A

Endothelium

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19
Q

agents that control local clot formation

A

heparin
tissue plasminogen activator
von Willebrand factor

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20
Q

Layers of Vascular Wall

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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21
Q

The innermost layer of the vessel

A

Tunica intima

22
Q

Consists primarily of circumferentially
arranged layers of smooth muscle cells

A

Tunica media

23
Q

Composed primarily of longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue (type I) and a few elastic fibers ; Contains the vasa vasorum and nervi vascularis

A

Tunica adventitia

24
Q

the blood supply of the blood
vessel

A

Vasa vasorum

25
Q

the nerve supply of the blood
vessels

A

Nervi vascularis

26
Q

Distribute blood to the organs and help
regulate blood pressure by contracting or
relaxing the smooth muscle in the media

A

Muscular arteries

27
Q

called conducting arteries because their
major role is to carry blood to smaller arteries

A

Elastic arteries

28
Q

Smallest arteries branch ; Indicate the beginning of an organ’s microvasculature

A

Arterioles

29
Q

Form blood vascular networks that allow fluids containing gases, metabolites, and waste products to move through their thin walls

A

Capillaries

30
Q

Capillaries always function in groups called

A

capillary beds

31
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

Continuous capillaries
Fenestrated capillaries
Sinusoidal capillaries

32
Q

Distinct continuity of the endothelial cells in its wall ; Most common type of capillary ; Found in all kinds of muscle tissue, connective tissue, exocrine glands, and nervous tissue

A

Continuous capillaries

33
Q

Characterized by the presence of small
circular fenestrae through the very thin
squamous endothelial cells ; Each fenestra is usually covered by a very thin
diaphragm

A

Fenestrated capillaries

34
Q

Endothelial cells have large fenestrae without
diaphragms ; the cells form a discontinuous
layer and are separated from one another by
wide spaces ; the basal lamina is also
discontinuous

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

35
Q

Collect blood from the capillary network ; Characterized by the presence of pericytes

A

Post capillary Venules

36
Q

pericytescells of mesenchymal origin with long
cytoplasmic processes partly surrounding the
endothelial layer

A

pericytes

37
Q

provide vascular support and promote
stability of capillaries and postcapillary
venules

A

pericytes

38
Q

Diameter of as much as 10mm ; Valves are a characteristic feature of these
vessels ; Most numerous in the inferior portion of the body, particularly the lower limb

A

Medium Veins

39
Q

Diameter greater than 10mm ; Tunica adventitia of large veins (subclavian
veins, portal vein, and the venae cava) is the
thickest layer of the vessel wall ; Tunica adventitia also contains longitudinally
disposed smooth muscle cells

A

Large Veins

40
Q

Direct routes between the arteries and veins
that divert blood from the capillaries

A

Arteriovenous shunts

41
Q

Found in the skin of the fingertips, nose, and
lips and in the erectile tissue of the penis and
clitoris

A

Arteriovenous shunts

42
Q

Atypical Blood Vessels

A

Coronary arteries
Dural venous sinuses
Great saphenous vein
Central adrenomedullary vein

43
Q

Considered to be a medium-sized muscular
arteries ; Blood vessels that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the blood

A

Coronary arteries

44
Q

Originate from the proximal part of the
ascending aorta and lie on the surface of the
heart in the epicardium surrounded by
adipose tissue

A

Coronary arteries

45
Q

Venous channels in the cranial cavity ; Broad spaces within the dura mater that are
lined with endothelial cells and devoid of
smooth muscles ; also the blood supply to cranial activity

A

Dural venous sinuses

46
Q

A long subcutaneous vein of the lower limb
that originates in the foot drains into the
femoral vein just below the inguinal ligament

A

Great saphenous vein

47
Q

Possesses numerous longitudinal smooth
muscle bundles in the intima and in the well-developed adventitia

A

Great saphenous vein

48
Q

Passes through the adrenal medulla and its
tributaries have an unusual tunica media ; Contains several longitudinally oriented
bundles of smooth muscle cells that vary in
size and appearance (MUSCLE CUSHIONS)

A

Central adrenomedullary vein

49
Q

have more numerous internal valves than veins ; often dilated with lymph ; ultimately converge as two large trunks

A

Lymphatic Vessels

50
Q

Excess interstitial fluid

A

Lymph

51
Q

Originate as closed-ended vessels consisting
of a single layer of very thin endothelial cells on an incomplete basal lamina

A

Lymphatic capillaries (or lymphatics)

52
Q

Resembles that of veins except with thinner
walls and no distinct separation among tunics

A

Lymphatic vessels

Histology Lecture (4 decks)

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