Integument

Question 1

Function of Body membranes

Answer 1

Line/cover body surfaces
protect body surfaces
lubricate body surfaces

Question 2

Classification of Membranes: Epithelial

Answer 2

Cutaneous
Mucous
Serous

Question 3

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 3

• SKIN, a dry membrane, outermost protective boundary
• keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
• Underlying dermis mostly dense connective tissue

Question 4

Mucous Membrane

Answer 4

surface epithelium depends on site
underlying loose connective tissue
lines all body cavities that open to exterior body surface
Adapted for absorption or secretion of waste
(Nasal cavity, mouth…)

Question 5

Serous Membrane

Answer 5

surface simple squamous epithelium
underlying areolar connective tissue
lines body cavities closed to exterior of body
layers separated by serous fluid, prevents inflammation

Question 6

Specific serous membranes:
Peritoneum
Pleura
Pericardium

Answer 6

• around abdominal cavity
• around lungs
• around heart

Question 7

CT Membranes: Synovial membrane

Answer 7

Joint Cavities, BONE—BONE, lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints

Question 8

Integumentary System: Skin & Derivatives

Answer 8

Skin (cutaneous membrane)

Skin derivatives: Sweat glands, oil glands, hairs, nails

Question 9

Layers of the SKIN (TOP–>BOTTOM)

Answer 9

–Surface–
–EPIDERMIS–(no blood vessels=no bleeding)
Stratum Corueum (outermost layer)
Stratum Lucidum (Very thin, separates layers)
Stratum granulosum (sandy layers)
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germinativum/basale (germeating=to grow; basale= base) - the only layer where cells replicate
–DERMIS– (contains blood vessels=bleeding)

Question 10

Thin Skin vs. Thick Skin

Answer 10

Thin skin has fewer layers of dead cells in the stratum corueum, whereas thick has hundreds of layers of dead cells.

Question 11

Melanin

Answer 11

pigment produced by melanocytes (affects skin color)

mostly in stratum basale, amount of melanin produced depends on genetics and sunlight

Question 12

Two layers: Papillary and Reticular

Answer 12

• Dermal papillae, pain receptors, capillary loops

- blood vessels, glands, nerve receptors

Question 13

Hair

Answer 13

produced by hair bulb,
consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells
Melanocytes provide pigment for hair (Blond=Less, Dark=Lots)

Question 14

Hair Folicle

Answer 14

dermal and epidermal sheath surround hair root
Arrector pilli smooth muscle (contracts=goose bumps)
sebaceous gland
sweat gland

Question 15

Nails

Answer 15

Scale like modifications of the epidermis, heavily keratinized
Stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed, and responsible for growth
lack of pigment makes them colorless

Question 16

Glands & Glandular products

Answer 16

All glandular tissues originate from epithelial tissue
secretions are result of intracellular processes
glands are extremely diverse form and function

Question 17

Exocrine glands Types

Answer 17

Sebaceous glands:
Typical sebaceous glands
Sebaceous follicles
Sweat glands:
Apocrine sweat glands (Ceruminous & Mammary)
Merocrine sweat glands

Question 18

Glands can release products in 3 anatomical regions

Answer 18

Epithelial surface = exocrine glands
Blood Stream = Endocrine glands
interstitial space = paracrine glands / paraneurons

Question 19

Secretion

Answer 19

process which cells pick up molecules in a complex mechanism to release them from the cell

Question 20

Sebaceous glands

Answer 20

produce oil, lubricant for skin, kills bacteria, most with ducts that empty into hair follicles, activated at puberty

Question 21

Sweat gland

Answer 21

Widely distributed in skin
Eccrine: open duct to pore on skin surface
Apocrine: ducts empty into hair follicles

Question 22

Sweat’s function

Answer 22

Mostly water, some metabolic waste, fatty acids and proteins.
Helps cool body down, excretes waste, inhibits bacteria growth

Question 23

Skin homeostatic imbalances

Answer 23

Contact dermatitis
Impetigo
Psoriasis
Burns…

Question 24

Burns

Answer 24

1st degree only epidermis
2nd degree upper dermis damaged
3rd degree entire skin layer

Question 25

Skin cancer

Answer 25

• abnormal cell mass
• benign/malignant
• most common type of cancer