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A&P 1 > Cell Review > Flashcards

Cell Review Flashcards

1
Q

4 Components of cell theory

A
  1. Cell is the unit of organization in living things
  2. Building Block of organisms
  3. Cells come from previous cells
  4. All metabolic processes occur in cells
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2
Q

Three main parts of a cell

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm (with organelles), nucleus

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3
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid, aka interstitial fluid

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4
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

Lipid bilayer has membrane lipids, phospholipids.
Hydrophilic polar heads
Hydrophobic nonpolar tails, most unsaturated/kinked appearance
-Glycolipids: sugar groups
-Cholesterol: decreases mobility of membrane, increases stability

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5
Q

2 types of Membrane Proteins: Integral & Peripheral

A

Integral are firmly inserted in bilayer, protrude on both sides. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
–Transport proteins (channels, carriers) enzymes, or receptors
Peripheral are not embedded in bilayer, loosely attached
–Enzymes, motor proteins for shape changes, cell to cell connections

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6
Q

Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Cytoplasmic organelles
Inclusions

A
  • Material between plasma membrane and the nucleus
  • Largely water with dissolved protein, salts, sugars, and other solutes
  • Metabolic machinery of the cell
  • Chemical substances such as glycosomes, glycogen, granules, and pigment.
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7
Q

Cell is like a Balloon filled with water

A

Hydrostatic properties, helps cell maintain shape

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8
Q

6 Functions of Membrane proteins-

Transport:

A

Spans the membrane, provides a channel across the membrane. Some need ATP to actively pump.

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9
Q

Receptors for signal transduction

A

Like an elevator button, signal causes a chain of chemical reactions.

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10
Q

Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matris

A

Helps maintain cell shape and fix the location. Stability and Strength.

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11
Q

Enzymatic Activity

A

Sequence of steps, metabolic processes.

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12
Q

Intercellular Joining

A

Hooks the membranes together. Lock and Key. Cell adhesion.

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13
Q

Cell-to-Cell Recognition

A

How cells recognize each other, identification tags.

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14
Q

Osmosis

Diffusion

A
  • Movement of water

- Movement of molecules across membrane

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15
Q

Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Carriers

A
  • diffuse directly through barrier
  • pass through a carrier protein
  • membrane proteins allowing specific molecules through
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16
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

requires ATP, takes sodium out of the cell, potassium inside. Against concentration gradient

17
Q

Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis

A
  • Moves stuff out of the cell
  • Moves stuff into the cell
  • Engulfs solids and brings them inside
18
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Like Rivets, close off space between cells, skin cells, continuous wall

19
Q

Gap Junctions

A

In cytoplasm between cells, directly together, allows molecules to pass through pores (Connexons)

20
Q

Desmosones

A

Create strong anchorage to tissue, Rivets or spot welds anchor cells together at plaques

21
Q

Cytoplasm organelles

A

some have membranes, others do not. Organelles can be seen as small organs.

22
Q

Mitochondria

A

Contains own DNA and RNA, powerhouse of cell, ATP for energy

23
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis, Free ribosomes and membrane-bound ribosomes

24
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough: studded with ribosomes to make secreted proteins
Smooth: synthesize phospholipids for cell membranes

25
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Packages and matures the proteins, transports

26
Q

Peroxisomes

A

membranous sacs that detoxify harmful or toxic substances

27
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contains digestive enzymes, digests bacteria, viruses, toxins, focuses on microorganisms

28
Q

Edosymbiont Theory

A

How cells acquired organelles

29
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center, contains genetic library, turns on/off genes

30
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

cell membrane, double layer, contains pores which genes and transcripts pass through

31
Q

Nucleolus

A

Site of ribosome production

32
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Skeleton of the cell and holds in place, consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments,

33
Q

Microfilament

A

Smallest, double strand

34
Q

Intermediate filament

A

Licorice appearance, more fiber subunits

35
Q

Microtubule

A

3D spiral, important to cell division

36
Q

Centrioles

A

Organize mitotic spindle during mitosis, strung structure

37
Q

Cilia

A

Whip-like extensions of the cell, moves it, has a power stroke which requires energy

A&P 1 (4 decks)

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