Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of wound healing?

A

Inflammatory phase Proliferative phase Maturation and remodeling phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is required for optimum collagen production?

A

vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

scars retain what % of tensile strength of normal skin

A

70-80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phases of wound healing

A

InflammatoryProliferativeMaturation/remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inflammatory phase of wound healing

A

Last up to 5 days, hemostasis, coagulation, MMPs, serine proteases, leukocyte margination, macrophages start to move in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proliferative phase of wound healing

A

5-20 days, granulation tissue forms4 processes: neovascularization/angiogenesis, fibroplasia (MMP 1,2,3 facilitate migration of fibroblast which secrete fibronectin forming loose ECM) and collagen deposition (type 3 laid first which is weak baby collagen and slowly replaced with strong type 1 collagen), epithelialization (guided by type 1 collagen), wound contraction (skin peripheral to a full thickness defect advances in a centripedal fashion toward the center of the wound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Maturation/remodeling

A

type 1 collagen replaces type 3, takes from day 20 to one year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Wound contraction rate

A

0.6-0.75 mm /day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is contracture?

A

loss or inhibition of motion or function as a result of excessive scar tissue or muscle atrophy or fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is required for optimum collagen production

A

vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does tensile strength increase rapidly?

A

after day 4-5 at which fibroplasia and early collagen deposition noted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do fibroblasts make?

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is intussceptive growth?

A

process of epithelial proliferation and collagen deposition that occurs within the stretched skin to bolster and restore cutaneous areas that are under significant tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does wound contraction take?

A

6 weeks, square and rectangular incisions contract more effectively than circular ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 weeks after injury, what is the tensile strength of scar?

A

20% of final strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Scars retain what % of tensile strength of normal skin?

17
Q

Formation of granulation tissue in cats vs. dogs

A

cats 19 days, dogs 7.5 days

18
Q

How are wounds classified according to degree of contamination? List and describe.

A

Clean- atrumatic, surgically created under aseptic conditions

Clean contaminated- minor break in aseptic surgical technique, contamination is minimal and easily removed

Contaminated- recent wound related to trauma with bacterial contamination from street, soil or oral cavity; surgical wound with major break in asepsis

Dirty/infected- older wound with exudate or obvious infection

19
Q

What are the 3 grades of open fractures?

A

Grade I- small break in skin caused by bone penetrating through

Grade II- soft tissue trauma contiguous with the fracture, often caused by external trauma

Grade III- extensive soft tissue injury, commonly in addition to a higher degree of comminution of the bone

20
Q

which type of lavage solution, compared to the others, was shown to have more mild cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts, hence making it a preferred flushing solution?

21
Q

what concentration of chlorhexadine is recommended for lavaging wounds?

22
Q

Benefits of using sugar in open wound? Drawback?

A

osmotic action causing bactericidal effect; draws macrophages to wound, accelerates sloughing of devitalized tissue, cheap

Drawback- cuases more effusion, tus requiring more frequent bandage changes

23
Q

Advantages of honey as a wound dressing?

A

decreases edema, accelerates sloughing of necrotic tissue, provides rich cellular energy source, antibacterial properties b/c of high osmolarity, acidity and H2O2 content

24
Q

list 4 types of wounds that do not typically require the need for antibiotics

A

Clean wounds

superficial wounds <6 hrs old

contaminated wound that can be converted to clean wound with primary closure

wounds with a healthy granulation bed

25
Describe how to estimate surface area affected by burn wounds
head/neck=9% each forelimb=9% each rear limb=18% dorsal trunk=18% ventral trunk=18%
26
how do you characterize a 1st degree burn?
superficial; epidermis only
27
characteristics of 2nd degree burn?
epidermis and superficial or deep part of dermis affected
28
characteristics of 3rd degree burn?
full thickness, affecting entire epidermis and dermis
29
characteristics of 4th degree burn?
full thickness with extension to muscle/tendon/bone
30
what percent BSA affected has been shown to have a poor prognosis with burns?
\>50%
31
recommended fluid rate during the first 24 hrs in burn patients?
4 ml/kg BW x % total body surface area affected with 50% given over the first 8 hours. reduction of 25%-50% in cats \*Severe burn injury, burn shock and smoke inhalation injury in small animals. Part 2. Vaughn et al. JVECC 2012
32
At what time point after a burn does the patient's fluid status often stabilize, making them at higher risk for overload and edema?
48 hrs
33
T/F- in human burn injury, prompt removal of the burn eschar is correlated with improved survival?
true
34
Characteristics of Burn Shock
Intravascular volume depletion reduced CO increased systemic vascular resistance resulting in decreased peripheral blood flow