Integration of Metabolism

Question 1

The relationship between insulin and glucagon is ______.

Answer 1

inverse

Question 2

List the phases of starvation in order

Answer 2

Glycogenolytic phase, Gluconeogenic phase, Ketogenic phase, Terminal phase

Question 3

Only the _____ exports glucose. How come other organs can’t export glucose?

Answer 3

• liver

- because they lack glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 4

Liver glycogen is rapidly depleted within __-__ hours.

Answer 4

16-24

Question 5

In the gluconeogenic phase, the _____ still needs glucose.

Answer 5

brain

Question 6

What are gluconeogenic substrates?

Answer 6

• odd chain fatty acids
• glycerol (from TAG mobilization)
• amino acids (from protein)

Question 7

Gluconeogenesis in the liver requires ____.

Answer 7

ATP (producing primarily from FA oxidation)

Question 8

Why isn’t the gluconeogenic phase sustainable?

Answer 8

Amino acids (from protein) are being degraded too quickly and humans cannot survive loss of 1/3> protein

Question 9

In the ketogenic phase, the _____ adapts to using ______ ______ as fuel.

Answer 9

• brain

- ketone bodies

Question 10

The rate of __ mobilization reaches its peak during the ketogenic phase. _____ body production in the liver increases.

Answer 10

• FA

- Ketone

Question 11

The ketogenic phase leads to a ______ in glucose consumption and a ______ in the breakdown of ______ ____ from proteins.

Answer 11

• decrease
• decrease
• amino acids

Question 12

What happens in the terminal phase?

Answer 12

• we run out of ketone bodies
• then we start degrading a lot of protein
• pre morbid rise in urea concentration in the urine