Integration of Metabolism Flashcards
What are the preferred energy molecules of the liver?
Glucose, FAs, AAs
What is the preferred energy molecule of resting muscle?
FAs
What is the preferred energy molecule of the heart?
FAs
What are the two places that proteins can enter glycolysis?
Serine at 3-phosphoglycerate and alanine at pyruvate
What are the four cellular methods of regulating metabolic steps?
- Allosteric.
- Regulation of enzyme amount through transcription or enzyme degradation/stabilization.
- Covalent modification.
- Compartmentalization.
How many transmembrane domains does a G-protein coupled receptor have?
7
What is the defect in retinitis pigmentosa?
Mutated rhodopsin receptor (G-protein coupled receptor)
Is CCR5 a GPCR?
Yes
What are the basic steps in the GPCR/cAMP cascade?
- Receptor binds ligand
- GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP and the P is transferred to the GDP on G-alpha subunit
- Gamma and beta subunits disassociate from G-alpha-GTP
- Adenylate cyclase binds to G-alpha-GTP
- Adenylate cyclase catalyzes ATP –> cAMP
- cAMP activates protein kinase A
- GTPase activating protein (GAP) hydrolyzes GTP from the G alpha subunit to and the beta and gamma subunits bind to G alpha-GDP
How does cAMP activate PKA?
cAMP binds to the regulatory subunit on PKA, causing dissociation from the catalytic subunit.
What is Hsp90?
It is the little thing that moves out of the way so steroid receptors can bind their hormones in the cytoplasm and then go to the nucleus to promote transcription.
Gluconeogenesis sharply drops and the body switches to ketone bodies after ________ days of starvation.
~2
Describe urea excretion and ammonia excretion in late stavation.
Urea excretion is down because proteins are being saved. Ammonia excretion is up to counter-balance ketones.
