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Human Nutrition > Integrated Nutrient Metabolism and Body Weight Regulation > Flashcards

Integrated Nutrient Metabolism and Body Weight Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most obvious example demontrating that CHO can be converted to fat?

A

Glycolysis

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2
Q

How can glucose be converted to triacylglycerols?

A
  1. G3P + dP > Glycerol > simple lipids
  2. acetyl CoA
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3
Q

What feeding state lasts 3 hours after a meal?

A

fed state (post prandial)

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4
Q

What feeding state is from approx 3-24 hours after meal?

A

post absorptive (early fasting)

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5
Q

What feeding state is from approx 24 - 96 hours after meal?

A

fasting state

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6
Q

what feeding state is greater than approx 96 hours after meal?

A

starvation

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7
Q

Does insulin promote anabolic or catabolic activity?

A

anything anabolic

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8
Q

major provider (approx 75% of glucose in the blood, which serves to deliver glucose to other tissues for use as fuel (driven by increasing glucagon and decreasing insulin)

A

hepatic glycogenolysis

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9
Q

what maintains blood glucose levels in later stages and occurs when synthesis of glycogen and TAG in the liver is diminished?

A

gluconeogenesis

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10
Q

as liver glycogen is depleted, what becomes the main source of maintaining glucose concentrations?

A

gluconeogenesis

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11
Q

as muscle protein begins to breakdown, what becomes the primary gluconeogenic substrates?

A

the resultant amino acids

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12
Q

Fuel Availability and Hormones

in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones

A

Insulin

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13
Q

Fuel Availability and Hormones in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones

A

Glucagon

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14
Q

Fuel Availability and Hormones in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones

A

Blood glucose

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15
Q

Fuel Availability and Hormones in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones

A

liver glycogen

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16
Q

Fuel Availability and Hormones in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones

A

blood fatty acids

17
Q

Summary of Fuel Availability and Hormones
in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones

A

Blood ketones

18
Q

a technique in which two living animals are joined together surgically and develop a single, shared circulatory system

A

Parabiosis

19
Q

a hormone your adipose tissue (body fat) releases that helps your body maintain your normal weight on a long-term basis. It does this by regulating hunger by providing the sensation of satiety (feeling full).

A

leptin

20
Q

a multifaceted gut hormone which activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R).

the “hunger” hormone

A

ghrelin

21
Q

fall in _____ is correlated with hunger after weightloss

A

leptin

22
Q

When the Db mouse is connected to Wt mouse, what happens as a result?

A

Db mouse produces enough leptin as a response of extra circulation. the leptin decreased food intake which decreased insulin and lowered blood sugar until starvation of Wt

23
Q

When Db mouse is connected to Ob mouse, what happens as a result?

A

the Ob mouse lost fat tissue and stopped eating leading too decreased insulin and blood sugar; causing diabetes to remain in Db

24
Q

When Ob mouse is connected to Wt mouse, what happens as a result?

A

Wt mouse produced more leptin as a response and decreased Ob’s food intake, insulin, and blood sugar. Wt mouse had no change in mass.

25
Q

appetite suppressing hormone released from the GI tract in response to ingested nutrients

A

Peptide YY

26
Q

Is leptin increased or decreased in obese individuals?

A

increased

Human Nutrition (5 decks)

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