Integrated Nutrient Metabolism and Body Weight Regulation Flashcards
What is the most obvious example demontrating that CHO can be converted to fat?
Glycolysis
How can glucose be converted to triacylglycerols?
- G3P + dP > Glycerol > simple lipids
- acetyl CoA
What feeding state lasts 3 hours after a meal?
fed state (post prandial)
What feeding state is from approx 3-24 hours after meal?
post absorptive (early fasting)
What feeding state is from approx 24 - 96 hours after meal?
fasting state
what feeding state is greater than approx 96 hours after meal?
starvation
Does insulin promote anabolic or catabolic activity?
anything anabolic
major provider (approx 75% of glucose in the blood, which serves to deliver glucose to other tissues for use as fuel (driven by increasing glucagon and decreasing insulin)
hepatic glycogenolysis
what maintains blood glucose levels in later stages and occurs when synthesis of glycogen and TAG in the liver is diminished?
gluconeogenesis
as liver glycogen is depleted, what becomes the main source of maintaining glucose concentrations?
gluconeogenesis
as muscle protein begins to breakdown, what becomes the primary gluconeogenic substrates?
the resultant amino acids
Fuel Availability and Hormones
in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones
Insulin
Fuel Availability and Hormones in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones
Glucagon
Fuel Availability and Hormones in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones
Blood glucose
Fuel Availability and Hormones in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones
liver glycogen
Fuel Availability and Hormones in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones
blood fatty acids
Summary of Fuel Availability and Hormones
in Fed, Postabsorptive and Fasting States
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Blood glucose
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood fatty acids
F. Blood ketones
Blood ketones
a technique in which two living animals are joined together surgically and develop a single, shared circulatory system
Parabiosis
a hormone your adipose tissue (body fat) releases that helps your body maintain your normal weight on a long-term basis. It does this by regulating hunger by providing the sensation of satiety (feeling full).
leptin
a multifaceted gut hormone which activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R).
the “hunger” hormone
ghrelin
fall in _____ is correlated with hunger after weightloss
leptin
When the Db mouse is connected to Wt mouse, what happens as a result?
Db mouse produces enough leptin as a response of extra circulation. the leptin decreased food intake which decreased insulin and lowered blood sugar until starvation of Wt
When Db mouse is connected to Ob mouse, what happens as a result?
the Ob mouse lost fat tissue and stopped eating leading too decreased insulin and blood sugar; causing diabetes to remain in Db
When Ob mouse is connected to Wt mouse, what happens as a result?
Wt mouse produced more leptin as a response and decreased Ob’s food intake, insulin, and blood sugar. Wt mouse had no change in mass.
appetite suppressing hormone released from the GI tract in response to ingested nutrients
Peptide YY
Is leptin increased or decreased in obese individuals?
increased
