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Medical Scribe [ED] > Integrated/Advanced Cards > Flashcards

Integrated/Advanced Cards Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is CAD?

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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2
Q

What other past histories would suggest that pt has CAD?

A

Angina, MI, CABG, Cardiac Stents, Angioplasty

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3
Q

Does PMHx of CAD mean the pt has CAD?

A

No

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4
Q

Does a SHx of angioplasty mean the pt has CAD?

A

Yes.

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5
Q

Explain the difference between CAD and MI?

A

CAD is a broad term for Heart Disease. MI is included in an active HA.

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6
Q

If someone has a PMHx of A-Fib or CHF, do they also have CAD?

A

No.

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7
Q

What are the “cardiac risk factors”

A

HTN, DM, HLD, CAD, Smoking, FHx of CAD

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8
Q

How is CAD diagnosed?

A

Cardiac Catherization

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9
Q

Name two ways that an MI is diagnosed.

A

EKG (Stemi) & Troponin (Non-Stemi)

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10
Q

What are some associated symptoms of MI other than CP.

A

Chest Pressure
Shortness of Breath
Nausea/Vomitting

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11
Q

What are some associated symptoms of CHF

A

SOB, pedal edema, orthopnea, rales, JVD

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12
Q

What 2 studies would diagnose CHF?

A

CXR and BNP

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13
Q

What is A-Fib?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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14
Q

What might someone feel with A-Fib?

A

Fast, pounding, irregular palpitations

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15
Q

How is A-Fib diagnosed?

A

EKG

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16
Q

What could be the CC of someone with a PE

A

SOB and Pleuritic CP (CP worse w/deep breaths)

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17
Q

What are risk factors of PE?

A

known DVT, PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, Recent surgery, cancer, A-Fib, Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking

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18
Q

What study would diagnose with PE?

A

CTA Chest or VQ Scan.

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19
Q

What part of the heart does CAD affect; Arteries, Veins, or Nerves

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Can a CT Chest without IV contrast diagnose a PE? Why or Why not?

A

No. But a VQ Scan can.

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21
Q

What is a PTX

A

Pneumothorax

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of a PTX?

A

Trauma

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23
Q

How is PTX diagnosed

A

CXR

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24
Q

What social history will most COPD patients have?

A

Smoking

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25
Q

What is the difference between a inhaler and a nebulizer for asthma

A

Inhaler: portable. One does
Nebulizer: at home treatment

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26
Q

What is Asthma?

A

constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of bronchioles (bronchospasm)

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27
Q

What PE finding closely associated with asthma?

A

Wheezing

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28
Q

What is PNA

A

Pneumonia

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29
Q

What might a person with PNA complain of?

A

Productive cough and fever

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30
Q

How is PNA diagnosed

A

CXR

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31
Q

Name all 7 areas of the abdomen

A

Epigastric, RUQ, LUQ, Periumbillical, RLQ, LLQ, Suprapubic, Flanks

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32
Q

What is the layman’s name for GERD?

A

reflux

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33
Q

What might someone with GERD complain of?

A

Epigastric Pain

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34
Q

For older patients with GERD symptoms, what life-threatening disease may also need to be ruled out?

A

MI

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35
Q

What does bile do? Where is it stored?

A

Emulsifies. Helps with digestion. Stored in the Gallbladder.

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36
Q

What is the difference between Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis?

A

Cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. Cholecystitis is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct.

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37
Q

What might be the CC of a person with gallstones?

A

RUQ Pain

38
Q

What PE finding is closely associated the Cholecystitis?

A

RUQ tenderness, Murphy’s pain (rebound pain)

39
Q

How are gallstones diagnosed?

A

US Abdomen

40
Q

Name associated symptoms with appendicitis.

A

Anorexia, Pain, Nausea

41
Q

How is Appendicitis diagnosed?

A

CT A/P with PO Contrast

42
Q

What would someone with pancreatitis c/o?

A

LUQ, Pancreatitis

43
Q

How is pancreatitis diagnosed

A

elevated lipase lab test

44
Q

Name four possible CC’s for a GI Bleed pt

A

Hematemesis. Coffee Ground Emesis, Hematochezia, Melena

45
Q

How is a GI Bleed diagnosed in the EB

A

Heme Positive Stool

46
Q

What are we worried about for someone with a GI Bleed?

A

Possible Blood transfusion due to a significant blood loss

47
Q

What is the pre-existing condition you just have before you can get diverticulitis?

A

Divericulosis

48
Q

What will be the CC for someone with diverticulitis?

A

LLQ Pain

49
Q

What studies would diagnose diverticulitis?

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

50
Q

What might a person with SBO complain of?

A

Abdominal Pain, Vomiting, Constipation, No BMs, Abdominal Distention

51
Q

How is a SBO diagnosed?

A

CT A/P with PO Contrast. Acute Abdominal Series (AAS)

52
Q

What is a UTI?

A

Urinary Tract Infection

53
Q

What is pyelo?

A

infection of the tissue in the kidneys, usually spread from UTI.

54
Q

What is the CC of someone with a UTI?

A

Dysuria

55
Q

Where would a patient feel pain if they had pyelo?

A

Flanks

56
Q

How is a UTI diagnosed?

A

Urine Dip or Urinalysis.

57
Q

What might a person with kidney stones c/o?

A

Flank Pain

58
Q

How are kidney stones diagnosed?

A

CT Abd/Pelvis.

RBC in UA

59
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes

60
Q

How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?

A

US Pelvis

61
Q

What is ovarian torsion

A

twisting of an ovarian artery reducing blood flow to an ovary

62
Q

How is ovarian torsion diagnosed

A

US Pelvis

63
Q

Name the 2 types of CVAs.

A

Ischemic CVA

Hemorrhagic CVA

64
Q

What sx might a person with a brain bleed c/o?

A

Headache-Sudden Onset.

65
Q

What study would diagnose a brain bleed?

A

CT Head or Lumbar Puncture

66
Q

What sx might a person with an ischemic CVA c/o?

A

one-sided weakness/numbness or changes in speed/vision

67
Q

How us an ischemic CVA diagnosed?

A

Clinically. Potentially normal CT Head

68
Q

What is a TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

69
Q

How does a TIA differ from a CVA?

A

CVA: deprive brain of blood
TIA: deprive brain of O2

70
Q

What is a common cause of seizures in children?

A

Fevers

71
Q

What is the name of the state after a seizure?

A

Post-Ictal

72
Q

What are 3 symptoms of meningitis?

A

Fever, Neck Pain, Neck Stiffness, AMS

73
Q

What study would diagnose meningitis?

A

Lumbar puncture

74
Q

What are 4 important things to document for syncopal episodes?

A

Prior, during, after, & how they currently feel.

75
Q

Name 4 causes of altered mental status?

A

Diabetic, Elderly, Demented, EtOH Use, Drug Use

76
Q

How is AMS different from a focal near deficit?

A

It affects entire brain

77
Q

What is a DVT

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis.

78
Q

What are the risk factors for a DVT?

A

PMHx of DVT or PE, Recent Surgery, Cancer Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking, LE Trauma, LE Casts

79
Q

What are common signs of DVT?

A

Calf Tenderness, Cords, Homan’s Sign

80
Q

What is an AAA?

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

81
Q

What is an aortic distention?

A

separation of the muscular wall from the membrane of the artery, putting the patient at risk of aortic rupture and death

82
Q

What are 3 symptoms of cellulitis?

A

Fluctuant, Induration, Purulent

83
Q

How is an abscess different from cellulitis?

A

contains underlying collection of pus

84
Q

What procedure will be performed for every abscess?

A

Incision and Drainage

85
Q

What is the main concern with an allergic reaction?

A

Anaphylaxis or respiratory failure

86
Q

What are the only three symptoms of a true allergic reaction?

A

Rash, Swelling, Itching, or SOB. (must have first 3)

87
Q

How can Diabetic Ketoacidosis be diagnosed?

A

Arterial Blood Gas showing low pH or Positive Serum Ketones

88
Q

What is an Emergency Physician’s main responsibility for psychiatric patients?

A

Medical Clearance

89
Q

Name three important things to document for any trauma patient?

A

LOC, Confusion, Numbness, Weakness, HA, Neck/Back Pain, SOB, Chest Pain, Abdominal Pain

90
Q

What are 3 normal CXR findings?

A
  • no cardiomegaly
  • no pneumothorax
  • no infiltrates
  • no pulmonary effusion

Medical Scribe [ED] (8 decks)

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