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1
Q

What is CAD?

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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2
Q

What other past histories would suggest that pt has CAD?

A

Angina, MI, CABG, Cardiac Stents, Angioplasty

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3
Q

Does PMHx of CAD mean the pt has CAD?

A

No

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4
Q

Does a SHx of angioplasty mean the pt has CAD?

A

Yes.

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5
Q

Explain the difference between CAD and MI?

A

CAD is a broad term for Heart Disease. MI is included in an active HA.

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6
Q

If someone has a PMHx of A-Fib or CHF, do they also have CAD?

A

No.

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7
Q

What are the “cardiac risk factors”

A

HTN, DM, HLD, CAD, Smoking, FHx of CAD

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8
Q

How is CAD diagnosed?

A

Cardiac Catherization

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9
Q

Name two ways that an MI is diagnosed.

A

EKG (Stemi) & Troponin (Non-Stemi)

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10
Q

What are some associated symptoms of MI other than CP.

A

Chest Pressure
Shortness of Breath
Nausea/Vomitting

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11
Q

What are some associated symptoms of CHF

A

SOB, pedal edema, orthopnea, rales, JVD

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12
Q

What 2 studies would diagnose CHF?

A

CXR and BNP

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13
Q

What is A-Fib?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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14
Q

What might someone feel with A-Fib?

A

Fast, pounding, irregular palpitations

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15
Q

How is A-Fib diagnosed?

A

EKG

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16
Q

What could be the CC of someone with a PE

A

SOB and Pleuritic CP (CP worse w/deep breaths)

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17
Q

What are risk factors of PE?

A

known DVT, PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, Recent surgery, cancer, A-Fib, Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking

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18
Q

What study would diagnose with PE?

A

CTA Chest or VQ Scan.

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19
Q

What part of the heart does CAD affect; Arteries, Veins, or Nerves

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Can a CT Chest without IV contrast diagnose a PE? Why or Why not?

A

No. But a VQ Scan can.

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21
Q

What is a PTX

A

Pneumothorax

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of a PTX?

A

Trauma

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23
Q

How is PTX diagnosed

A

CXR

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24
Q

What social history will most COPD patients have?

A

Smoking

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25
What is the difference between a inhaler and a nebulizer for asthma
Inhaler: portable. One does Nebulizer: at home treatment
26
What is Asthma?
constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of bronchioles (bronchospasm)
27
What PE finding closely associated with asthma?
Wheezing
28
What is PNA
Pneumonia
29
What might a person with PNA complain of?
Productive cough and fever
30
How is PNA diagnosed
CXR
31
Name all 7 areas of the abdomen
Epigastric, RUQ, LUQ, Periumbillical, RLQ, LLQ, Suprapubic, Flanks
32
What is the layman's name for GERD?
reflux
33
What might someone with GERD complain of?
Epigastric Pain
34
For older patients with GERD symptoms, what life-threatening disease may also need to be ruled out?
MI
35
What does bile do? Where is it stored?
Emulsifies. Helps with digestion. Stored in the Gallbladder.
36
What is the difference between Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis?
Cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. Cholecystitis is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct.
37
What might be the CC of a person with gallstones?
RUQ Pain
38
What PE finding is closely associated the Cholecystitis?
RUQ tenderness, Murphy's pain (rebound pain)
39
How are gallstones diagnosed?
US Abdomen
40
Name associated symptoms with appendicitis.
Anorexia, Pain, Nausea
41
How is Appendicitis diagnosed?
CT A/P with PO Contrast
42
What would someone with pancreatitis c/o?
LUQ, Pancreatitis
43
How is pancreatitis diagnosed
elevated lipase lab test
44
Name four possible CC's for a GI Bleed pt
Hematemesis. Coffee Ground Emesis, Hematochezia, Melena
45
How is a GI Bleed diagnosed in the EB
Heme Positive Stool
46
What are we worried about for someone with a GI Bleed?
Possible Blood transfusion due to a significant blood loss
47
What is the pre-existing condition you just have before you can get diverticulitis?
Divericulosis
48
What will be the CC for someone with diverticulitis?
LLQ Pain
49
What studies would diagnose diverticulitis?
CT A/P with PO contrast
50
What might a person with SBO complain of?
Abdominal Pain, Vomiting, Constipation, No BMs, Abdominal Distention
51
How is a SBO diagnosed?
CT A/P with PO Contrast. Acute Abdominal Series (AAS)
52
What is a UTI?
Urinary Tract Infection
53
What is pyelo?
infection of the tissue in the kidneys, usually spread from UTI.
54
What is the CC of someone with a UTI?
Dysuria
55
Where would a patient feel pain if they had pyelo?
Flanks
56
How is a UTI diagnosed?
Urine Dip or Urinalysis.
57
What might a person with kidney stones c/o?
Flank Pain
58
How are kidney stones diagnosed?
CT Abd/Pelvis. | RBC in UA
59
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes
60
How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?
US Pelvis
61
What is ovarian torsion
twisting of an ovarian artery reducing blood flow to an ovary
62
How is ovarian torsion diagnosed
US Pelvis
63
Name the 2 types of CVAs.
Ischemic CVA | Hemorrhagic CVA
64
What sx might a person with a brain bleed c/o?
Headache-Sudden Onset.
65
What study would diagnose a brain bleed?
CT Head or Lumbar Puncture
66
What sx might a person with an ischemic CVA c/o?
one-sided weakness/numbness or changes in speed/vision
67
How us an ischemic CVA diagnosed?
Clinically. Potentially normal CT Head
68
What is a TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack
69
How does a TIA differ from a CVA?
CVA: deprive brain of blood TIA: deprive brain of O2
70
What is a common cause of seizures in children?
Fevers
71
What is the name of the state after a seizure?
Post-Ictal
72
What are 3 symptoms of meningitis?
Fever, Neck Pain, Neck Stiffness, AMS
73
What study would diagnose meningitis?
Lumbar puncture
74
What are 4 important things to document for syncopal episodes?
Prior, during, after, & how they currently feel.
75
Name 4 causes of altered mental status?
Diabetic, Elderly, Demented, EtOH Use, Drug Use
76
How is AMS different from a focal near deficit?
It affects entire brain
77
What is a DVT
Deep Vein Thrombosis.
78
What are the risk factors for a DVT?
PMHx of DVT or PE, Recent Surgery, Cancer Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking, LE Trauma, LE Casts
79
What are common signs of DVT?
Calf Tenderness, Cords, Homan's Sign
80
What is an AAA?
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
81
What is an aortic distention?
separation of the muscular wall from the membrane of the artery, putting the patient at risk of aortic rupture and death
82
What are 3 symptoms of cellulitis?
Fluctuant, Induration, Purulent
83
How is an abscess different from cellulitis?
contains underlying collection of pus
84
What procedure will be performed for every abscess?
Incision and Drainage
85
What is the main concern with an allergic reaction?
Anaphylaxis or respiratory failure
86
What are the only three symptoms of a true allergic reaction?
Rash, Swelling, Itching, or SOB. (must have first 3)
87
How can Diabetic Ketoacidosis be diagnosed?
Arterial Blood Gas showing low pH or Positive Serum Ketones
88
What is an Emergency Physician's main responsibility for psychiatric patients?
Medical Clearance
89
Name three important things to document for any trauma patient?
LOC, Confusion, Numbness, Weakness, HA, Neck/Back Pain, SOB, Chest Pain, Abdominal Pain
90
What are 3 normal CXR findings?
- no cardiomegaly - no pneumothorax - no infiltrates - no pulmonary effusion

Medical Scribe [ED] (8 decks)

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