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Gmat > Integer Properties > Flashcards

Integer Properties Flashcards

1
Q

What are real numbers?

A

Any number that can be found on a number line

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2
Q

What are imaginary numbers?

A

Numbers that don’t exist

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3
Q

Whats an example of an imagery number?

A

A square root of any negative number

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4
Q

What number can be squared to obtain -4?

A

None

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5
Q

What is an integer?

A

Any number that doesn’t contain a decimal or fractional part

I.e. 1,2,3 and -1,-2,-3

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6
Q

Is 0 an integer?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Is 0 even or odd?

A

Even

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8
Q

What is n\0?

A

Undefined

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9
Q

Can you divide by 0 ?

A

No

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10
Q

Whats another name for divisors?

A

Factors

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11
Q

Can negative numbers be factors?

A

No

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12
Q

0 is a multiple of every integer

A

….

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13
Q

Can multiples be negative?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Whats are some multiples of 3?

A

-3,0, 3, 9

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15
Q

Is 0 a factor of any number?

A

No because anything divided by 0 is undefined

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16
Q

Every positive integer is both a factor and a multiple of itself

A

I.e. 5 is factor and multiple of itself

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17
Q

What is a trick to figuring out the number of factors an integer has has?

A

Approximate the square root of that integer and apply the divisibility rules for every integer equal to or less than the square root

I.e. to find factors of 80 think about the closes number is 80 whose perfect square is 9 so do all divisibility rules to 9

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18
Q

What is a prime number?

A

A positive integer that only has two factors

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19
Q

Is 1 a prime number? Why or why not?

A

No, its only factor is itself. Prime numbers have two factors.

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20
Q

How many prime numbers are there up until 40?

A

12

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21
Q

What are the prime numbers up until 40 ?

A

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 17 , 19, 23, 29, 31 ,37,

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22
Q

What is the only even prime number?

A

2

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23
Q

How many prime numbers are there?

A

An Unlimited amount

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24
Q

What must be true for the product of two integers to be odd?

A

Both integers must be odd

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25
Q

What happens when you multiply a negative number by a positive number ?

A

You get a negative number

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26
Q

What happens when you multiply two negative or two positive numbers?

A

Your outcome is positive

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27
Q

A negative number cubed will result in …

A

A negative number

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28
Q

Any even number minus 1 will produce…?

A

An odd number

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29
Q

If r and s are prime numbers can (r/s) be an integer ?

A

No because prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themself

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30
Q

How can you test numbers under 100 to see if they’re prime ?

A

Test the numbers w the divisibility rules of 2,3,5,7

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31
Q

Is 97 prime ?

A

Yes

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32
Q

How do you answer a problem that ask you to identify one or more numbers that compromise the product ?

A

Do prime factorization of the number

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33
Q

How do you answer the question how many unique prime numbers between 1 and 50 are factors of 16,900?

A

Do prime factorization
See how many different prime factors the number has under 50

The answer is 3

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34
Q

How do we determine the total number of factors of any integer ?

A

Determine the prime factorization of the integer

Add 1 to each exponent within the prime factorization

Multiply the resulting sums

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35
Q

Whats the prime factorization of 100?

A

2^2 x 5^2

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36
Q

How do you find the GCF of large complex numbers ?

A

Find the prime factorization of all numbers and stack them in columns.

See what prime factors they have in common
And multiply what they have in common to get the GCF

(In common means the number must be in the row of all the numbers)

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37
Q

How do you find the LCM of large complex numbers ?

A

Find the prime factorization of all numbers and stack them in columns.

See what is the largest prime factors they have in common

And multiply the largest ones from each column together and thats the LCM

(You will have a number from each column

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38
Q

How do you answer a length problem?

A

Find the prime factorization of the number and count the number of prime factors it has whether unique or repetitious

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39
Q

What is 2^5 ?

A

32

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40
Q

What is 2^8 ?

A

256

41
Q

If a question ask about the smallest possible integer it is asking about …?

A

A power of 2

42
Q

What is 3^4 ?

A

81

43
Q

What is 3^5 ?

A

243

44
Q

How do you use prime factorization to tell you about divisibility of two numbers ?

A

In fraction form, if a numerator is divisible by the denominator all the factors of the denominator need to be in the numerator

45
Q

How should you approach divisibility problems?

A

Do prime factorization

Remember if you dont know the rest of a prime factorization put in question marks for the unknown

46
Q

Remember the PFs of different
variables never overlap

But the PFs of the same variables do overlap and thus…

A

Get rid of overlapping elements

47
Q

For something to be a factor of something that means ….

A

It can be divided by said number .

I.e. 5 is a factor of 20

48
Q

How do you obtain the smallest multiple of any integer that is a perfect square?

A

Find its PF

Make all exponents of its PF even

Multiply and you have your answer

49
Q

All the factors of a perfect square must have …. ?

A

Even exponents

50
Q

What is important to remember about the PFs of cubes?

A

They are multiples of 3

51
Q

What is the sum angle d difference divisibility rule?

A

If I=an integer, the sum and the difference of any two multiples of I are ALWAYS a multiple of I as well

I.e. 49+14=63 and 49-14=35

52
Q

What is an evenly spaced number set?

A

Any set of numbers in which the gaps between the terms are the same

I.e. 12,15,18,21 (gap of 3)

53
Q

What are consecutive integers ?

A

A set of integers spaced apart by gaps of 1

I.e. 1,2,3,4

54
Q

What are consecutive multiples ? Give an example.

A

Integers that are divisible by the gaps between them ?

I.e. 4,8,12,16 ( all divisible by 4)

55
Q

How do you algebraically represent consecutive integers ?

A

x, x+1, x+2, x+3

56
Q

How do you algebraically represent consecutive even or odd integers ?

A

x, x+2, x+4, x+6

They have a gap of 2

57
Q

Whats special about the mean of an evenly spaced number set ?

A

The mean always equals the median

58
Q

The average of the first and last terms of an evenly spaced number set is …

A

Equals the mean and median of the entire set

59
Q

If there is an odd number of integers in a number set what will the mean be …?

A

An integer

60
Q

If there is an even number of integers in a number set what will the mean be …?

A

Not an integer

61
Q

Whats an inclusive number set?

A

A number set where the end numbers of the set are to be included in any consideration

62
Q

Whats an exclusive number set?

A

They indicate that the end numbers are to be excluded from any consideration

63
Q

How do you calculate the number of numbers in an inclusive number set ?

A

Get the difference between the end numbers of the set and add 1

I.e. 100 to 100 inclusive = 901

64
Q

From X to Y denotes that the list is …

A

Inclusive

65
Q

Between X and Y denotes that the list is …

A

Exclusive

66
Q

How do you calculate the number of numbers in an exclusive number set ?

A

Get the difference between the end numbers of the set and subtract 1

I.e. 199 and 299 exclusive = 99

67
Q

How do you count consecutive multiples of a set?

A

Determine if the end numbers are multiples of the number in question

Get the difference between the end numbers

Divide by given multiple

Add 1

*However if the end numbers are not in the set round down to a multiple that is IN THE SET

I.e. how many multiples of 4 are there from 20 to 80

80-20=60. 60/4=15. 15+1= 16

68
Q

How do you count evens and odds for consecutive multiples

A

Treat them as multiples of 2

Make sure both end numbers are even for evens and odd for odds

69
Q

How do you count consecutive multiples of exclusive number sets ?

A

Figure out the ends of the number set. Go up for the first number and down for the last number.

Get the multiple you need by going up from the front and in from the back

Divide by the multiple, then add 1

i.e. for an exclusive set of 99 and 199 the number of odd numbers in the set you do

100 to 198 for the end numbers
Round to 101 and 197 
197-101=96 
96/2=48 
48+1=49

Answer 49

70
Q

How do you find the sum of any set of evenly spaces integers ?

A

Number of terms x average =sum

I.e. for 40 and 60 inclusive do
60-40=20 , 20+1=21

Avg of 40 and 60= 50

21*50= 1,050

71
Q

The sum of an odd number of consecutive integers is ALWAYS …

A

A multiple of the number of integers

I.e. 21,22,23 their sum will be a multiple of 3

72
Q

The sum of an EVEN number of consecutive integers is NEVER

A

A multiple of the number of integers

I.e. 2,3,4,5 their sum will not equal a multiple of 4

73
Q

Set Z contains 4 consecutive multiples of 4. Is the sum of set Z divisible by 4? ….

A

Yes (they are not consecutive numbers they are multiples. If they were consecutive numbers the answer would be no)

74
Q

The product of N evenly spaced terms is always a multiple of N!

A

I.e. if a,b,c, and d are positive consecutive multiples of 5, is abcd a multiple of 12?

Yes because 4!=24 and 12 is a multiple of 24

75
Q

What is the proper form for remainders ?

A

I = D * Q + R

I=dividend
D= Divisor
Q=Quotient
R= Remainder

76
Q

Whats a quick way to generate an example of a remainder ?

A

Add The remainder and the dividend

77
Q

Are remainders ever negative ?

A

No

78
Q

How do you solve remainder questions that involve decimals ?

A

Set the remainder up as a fraction and set it equal to the remainder mentioned in the problem

So do (R/D) = (N/100)

N is the remainder listed in the problem (the decimal ) and D is the divisor

The remainder you are looking for is 100

79
Q

How do you answer the following type of question

If x and y are integers such that (x/y) =53.14, which of the following values could be the remainder when x is divided by y?

A

Put the remainder value over 100. Reduce it and set it equal to R over the divisor .

I.e. 14/100 = 7/50
So R/y=7/50
So 50 * R= 7 *y

So answer must be divisible by 7

80
Q

2n + 1 represents what ?

A

An odd number

81
Q

2n represents what?

A

An even number

82
Q

Are decimals and fractions considered even or odd ?

A

No

83
Q

Odd x odd =

A

Odd

84
Q

Even +/- Odd is

A

Odd

85
Q

What are the two ways to generate an odd number ?

A

Even +/- odd

And

Odd * odd

86
Q

Odd / even always generates …

A

A fraction

87
Q

Even / Even =

A

Even
Odd
Fraction

88
Q

Even / Odd =

A

Even

Fraction

89
Q

Odd / odd =

A

Odd

Fraction

90
Q

Odd / Even=

A

Fraction

91
Q

If asked a question about consecutive integers being even or odd you should …?

A

Pick two sets of numbers
One beginning w an odd number
Another beginning with an even number

92
Q

What is the only even prime number ?

A

2

93
Q

Remember to test 2 when you have a question testing your knowledge of prime numbers.

A

Especially for questions testing even and odd knowledge

94
Q

What does the following statement mean

“Integer q has q distinct factors, and q >1

A

Q=2

95
Q

What does the following statement mean

“The difference of any two distinct positive factors of n is odd”

A

N=2

96
Q

What is the addition rule?

A

The sum of an ODD number of consecutive integers is ALWAYS a multiple of the number of integers

The sum of an EVEN number of consecutive integers is NEVER a multiple of the number of integers

97
Q

How do you solve questions that ask you to determine remainder of an odd or even dividend?

A

Test out numbers

Use small numbers, test at least 3 numbers

98
Q

When dividing if the number being divided is larger that will be your remainder. Provide an example.

A

2 / 4= remainder 2

1 / 4 = remainder 1

99
Q

How much time should you spend per question ?

A

No more than 2 minutes

Gmat (18 decks)

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