INSY50 Flashcards
1
Q
it is one of an organization’s most valuable resources
A
information
2
Q
often confused with the term data
A
information
3
Q
raw facts
A
data
4
Q
collection of data organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves
A
information
5
Q
awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways it can be made useful to support a task
A
knowledge
6
Q
the process of defining relationships among data to create useful information
A
knowledge
7
Q
it helps people perform tasks more efficiently and effectively
A
valuable information
8
Q
it can result in loss of potential new customers and reduced customer satisfaction
A
inaccurate data
9
Q
it can be obtained in the right format and at the right time
A
accessible
10
Q
it free from errors
A
accurate
11
Q
it contains all the important facts
A
complete
12
Q
the cost of producing this information must be equivalent to its value
A
economical
13
Q
it can be used in a variety of purposes
A
flexible
14
Q
it is important to the decision maker
A
relevant
15
Q
it can be trusted by its users
A
reliable
16
Q
it cannot be accessed by unauthorized users
A
secure
17
Q
it is not complex and sophisticated
A
simple
18
Q
it is delivered when it is needed
A
timely
19
Q
it is correct and can pass authenticity check
A
verifiable
20
Q
it is a set of interrelated elements that collect, process, store, disseminate data and information, and provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation to make sure it continues to meet its goals and objectives
A
information system (IS)
21
Q
it is a single set of hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures
A
computer-based information system (CBIS)
22
Q
it is configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information
A
computer-based information system (CBIS)
23
Q
it is supported by the organization’s technology infrastructure
A
computer-based information system (CBIS)
24
Q
it includes information systems that improve the productivity of individual users
A
personal IS
25
it includes information systems that improve communications and support collaboration among members of a workgroup
group IS
26
it includes information systems that organizations use to define structured interactions among their own employees and/or external customers, suppliers, government agencies, etc
enterprise IS
27
it is a group of people that is structured and managed to meet its mission or set of group goals
organization
28
they are open systems
organization
29
they affect and are affected by their surrounding environments
organization
30
it is a series (chain) of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs into outputs
value chain
31
the key value chain in a manufacturing organization
supply chain
32
it encompasses all the activities required to get the right product into the right consumer’s hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost
supply chain management
33
they are “linked” together through both physical flows and information flows
supply chain organizations
34
it can play an integral role in the supply chain process
information system
35
it is the application of new ideas to the products, processes, and activities of a firm, leading to increased value
innovation
36
it is a catalyst for the growth and success of an organization
innovation
37
it results in enhancements to existing products, services, and ways of operating
sustaining innovation
38
it enables an organization to continually increase profits, lower costs, and gain market share
sustaining innovation
39
it initially provides a lower level of performance than the marketplace has grown to accept
disruptive innovation
40
over time, it improved to provide new performance characteristics
disruptive innovation
41
it is a process redesign and business process reengineering (BPR)
reengineering
42
it involves the radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results
reengineering
43
it constantly seeking ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services
continuous improvement (Kaizen)
44
it involves work designed to help employees embrace a new information system and way of working
change
45
it describes the phases an individual or organization goes through in making a change
change management model
46
it provides principles for successful implementation of change
change management model
47
it consists of a three-stage approach for change
lewin's change model
48
preparing for change
unfreezing
49
making the change
moving/changing
50
institutionalizing
refreezing
51
it identifies both the driving (positive) and restraining (negative) forces that influence whether change can occur
lewin’s force field analysis
52
beliefs, expectations, and cultural norms that tend to encourage a change and give it momentum
driving forces
53
those that make it difficult to accept a change or to work to implement a change
restraining forces
54
it is a theory that proposes that every organizational system is made up of 4 main components— people, tasks, structure, and technology — with an interaction among the 4 component
leavitt’s diamond
55
it specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about the information system
technology acceptance model (TAM)
56
who developed diffusion of innovation theory
E.M. Rogers
57
it explains how a new idea or product gains acceptance and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or subset of an organization
diffusion of innovation theory
58
it employs the IS department’s equipment and personnel to help the organization attain its goals
Chief information officer (CIO)
59
its central role is to communicate with other areas of the organization to determine changing business needs
Senior IS Managers
60
they are responsible for the maintenance and operation of the organization’s computing facilities
Data center managers
61
they run and maintain IS equipment
System operators
62
they are responsible for maintaining the security and integrity of their organizations’ systems and data
IS security analysts
63
they set up and manage the network hardware, software, and security processes
Local area network (LAN) administrators
64
they write the software that customers and employees use
software developers
65
they consult with management and users, and convey system requirements to software developers and network architects
systems analysts
66
they convert a program design developed by a systems analyst or software developer into one of many computer languages
programmers
67
they design and maintain Web sites, including site layout and function, to meet the client’s requirements
web developers
68
they design and set up databases to meet an organization’s needs
database administrators (DBAs)
69
they respond to telephone calls, email, and other inquiries from computer users regarding hardware, software, networking, or other IS-related problems or needs
system support specialists
70
these are digital devices that you can touch
hardware
71
they are being integrated into many everyday objects
digital devices
72
it signals into discrete values, typically known as binary
processes electronic
73
each one or zero is referred to as a
bit
74
a group of eight bits is known as a
byte
75
it is a blending of the two words “binary” and “digit”
bit
76
it is a part of the computer that sequences and executes instructions
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
77
each processor produces a series of electronic pulses at a predetermined rate which governs the speed at which these steps are completed
clock speed
78
cpu is often measured in
gigahertz (GHz)
79
billions of cycles per second
gigahertz (GHz)
80
it involves the simultaneous execution of two or more instructions at the same time
multiprocessing
81
speeds processing by executing specific types of instructions while the CPU works on another processing activity
coprocessors
82
it has two or more independent processing units, called cores
multicore processor
83
independent processing units
cores
84
the number of transistors on a chip will double every 2 years, or the amount of computing power and storage capacity will double every 2 years, while the components become smaller
moore's law
85
it provides the processor with a working storage area to hold program instructions and data
main memory
86
its chief function is to rapidly provide data and instructions to the CPU
main memory
87
devices that store large amounts of data, instructions, and information more permanently than allowed with memory
Secondary Data Storage Devices
88
most common forms of Secondary Data Storage Devices
o Magnetic
o Optical
o Solid state
89
a large secondary storage
Enterprise Storage Options
90
a high-speed, special-purpose network that integrates different types of data storage devices into a single storage system and connects that to computing resources across an entire organization
storage area networks (SANs)
91
a data storage model where a data storage service provider rents space to individuals and organizations; accessed via the Internet
storage as a service
92
it allows the user to provide data and instructions to the computer and to receive results from it
input and output devices
93
they are part of a computer’s user interface
input and output devices
94
it allows accurate and rapid entry
input devices
95
it produces timely results
output devices
96
input devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Speech-Recognition Technology
Scanning Devices
Optical Data Readers
Point-of-sale (POS) Devices
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Devices
Pen Input Devices
Touch Screen
97
they used to show output from the computer
display screens
98
two main types of printers
laser and inkjet
99
they are used for general design work – blueprints, schematics, and drawings of buildings
plotters
100
they create a three-dimensional model of an object using strands of a plastic filament or synthetic powder
3D Printers
101
it has taken on many functions of PCs transmitting data, surfing the web, transmitting e-mail and instant messages, displaying digital content, and exchanging data
The Mobile Platform
102
a new information technology that first emerges in the consumer market spreads into business organizations, including use of mobile platforms and software services in business
Consumerization of IT and BYOD
103
meaning of BYOD
bring your own device
104
a process of presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location
virtualization
105
it is also called green IT
green computing
106
a program concerned with the efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products
green computing
107
a model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a shared pool of virtualized resources over a network, primarily the Internet
cloud computing
108
it allows data from internet of things (IoT) devices to be analyzed at the edge of the network before being sent to a data center or cloud
edge computing
109
consists of computer programs that control the workings of computer hardware
software
110
two types of software
system software
application software
111
it includes operating system (OS), utilities, and middleware that coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and other programs
system software
112
programs that help users solve particular computing problems
application software
113
the scope of problems and opportunities addressed by a particular organization
sphere of influence
114
it controls the operations of computer hardware
systems software
115
it supports the application programs’ problem-solving capabilities
systems software
116
Types of systems software
o Operating systems
o Utility programs
o Middleware
117
its primary function is to apply the power of the computer to enable people, workgroups, and the entire enterprise to solve problems and perform specific tasks
application software
118
it is free and can be modified by users, not restricted to any specific OS or hardware technology; derived from the original code must also be free
open-source software
119
software programs developed for the mobile platform
apps
120
software application that integrates functionality and data from multiple applications to create a new, customized application
mashups
121
a collection of integrated and related files
database
122
a collection of related records
files
123
a collection of related data fields
record
124
a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity
field
125
it represents a character
byte
126
it represents a circuit that is either on or off
bit
127
hierarchy of data
database
files
records
fields
byte
bit
128
a person, place, or thing for which data is collected, stored, and maintained
entity
129
a characteristic of an entity
attribute
130
it is the specific value of an attribute
data item
131
it is a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record
primary key
132
it offers the ability to share data and information resources
database approach
133
interface between applications and physical data files
database management systems
134
it solves problems of traditional file environment
database management systems
135
it specifies structure of database content, used to create tables and define characteristics of fields
data definition
136
it is an automated or manual file storing definitions of data elements and their characteristics
data dictionary
137
it is used to add, change, delete, retrieve data from database
data manipulation
138
it is also known as NoSQL or Not Only SQL
nonrelational DBMS
139
it is a more flexible data model and are designed for managing large data sets across many distributed machines and for easily scaling up or down
nonrelational DBMS
140
they are useful for accelerating simple queries against large volumes of structured and unstructured data that are difficult to analyze with traditional SQL-based tools
nonrelational DBMS
141
SQL means?
Structured Query Language
142
a distributed database technology that enables firms and organizations to create and verify transactions on a network nearly instantaneously without a central authority
blockchain
143
term used to describe data sets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical DBMS to capture, store, and analyze
big data
144
a database that stores current and historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout the company
data warehouse
145
a subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the organization’s data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users
data mart
146
it takes a “store everything” approach to big data, saving all the data in its raw and unaltered form
data lake
147
data lake is also called ?
enterprise data hub
148
an open-source software framework that includes several software modules that provide a means for storing and processing extremely large data sets
hadoop
149
a data processing component
MapReduce
150
a distributed file system
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
151
a resource management unit
Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN)
152
an integrated set of functions that defines the processes by which data is obtained, certified fit for use, stored, secured, and processed in such a way as to ensure that the accessibility, reliability, and timeliness of the data meet the needs of the data users within an organization
data management
153
a core component of data management
data governance
154
it defines the roles, responsibilities, and processes for ensuring that data can be trusted and used by the entire organization, with people identified and in place who are responsible for fixing and preventing issues with data
data governance
155
it is an individual responsible for management of critical data elements
data steward
