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2nd year, 1st Sem > INSY50 > Flashcards

INSY50 Flashcards

1
Q

it is one of an organization’s most valuable resources

A

information

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2
Q

often confused with the term data

A

information

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3
Q

raw facts

A

data

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4
Q

collection of data organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves

A

information

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5
Q

awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways it can be made useful to support a task

A

knowledge

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6
Q

the process of defining relationships among data to create useful information

A

knowledge

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7
Q

it helps people perform tasks more efficiently and effectively

A

valuable information

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8
Q

it can result in loss of potential new customers and reduced customer satisfaction

A

inaccurate data

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9
Q

it can be obtained in the right format and at the right time

A

accessible

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10
Q

it free from errors

A

accurate

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11
Q

it contains all the important facts

A

complete

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12
Q

the cost of producing this information must be equivalent to its value

A

economical

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13
Q

it can be used in a variety of purposes

A

flexible

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14
Q

it is important to the decision maker

A

relevant

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15
Q

it can be trusted by its users

A

reliable

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16
Q

it cannot be accessed by unauthorized users

A

secure

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17
Q

it is not complex and sophisticated

A

simple

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18
Q

it is delivered when it is needed

A

timely

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19
Q

it is correct and can pass authenticity check

A

verifiable

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20
Q

it is a set of interrelated elements that collect, process, store, disseminate data and information, and provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation to make sure it continues to meet its goals and objectives

A

information system (IS)

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21
Q

it is a single set of hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures

A

computer-based information system (CBIS)

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22
Q

it is configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

A

computer-based information system (CBIS)

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23
Q

it is supported by the organization’s technology infrastructure

A

computer-based information system (CBIS)

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24
Q

it includes information systems that improve the productivity of individual users

A

personal IS

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25
Q

it includes information systems that improve communications and support collaboration among members of a workgroup

A

group IS

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26
Q

it includes information systems that organizations use to define structured interactions among their own employees and/or external customers, suppliers, government agencies, etc

A

enterprise IS

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27
Q

it is a group of people that is structured and managed to meet its mission or set of group goals

A

organization

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28
Q

they are open systems

A

organization

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29
Q

they affect and are affected by their surrounding environments

A

organization

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30
Q

it is a series (chain) of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs into outputs

A

value chain

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31
Q

the key value chain in a manufacturing organization

A

supply chain

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32
Q

it encompasses all the activities required to get the right product into the right consumer’s hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost

A

supply chain management

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33
Q

they are “linked” together through both physical flows and information flows

A

supply chain organizations

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34
Q

it can play an integral role in the supply chain process

A

information system

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35
Q

it is the application of new ideas to the products, processes, and activities of a firm, leading to increased value

A

innovation

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36
Q

it is a catalyst for the growth and success of an organization

A

innovation

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37
Q

it results in enhancements to existing products, services, and ways of operating

A

sustaining innovation

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38
Q

it enables an organization to continually increase profits, lower costs, and gain market share

A

sustaining innovation

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39
Q

it initially provides a lower level of performance than the marketplace has grown to accept

A

disruptive innovation

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40
Q

over time, it improved to provide new performance characteristics

A

disruptive innovation

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41
Q

it is a process redesign and business process reengineering (BPR)

A

reengineering

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42
Q

it involves the radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results

A

reengineering

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43
Q

it constantly seeking ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services

A

continuous improvement (Kaizen)

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44
Q

it involves work designed to help employees embrace a new information system and way of working

A

change

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45
Q

it describes the phases an individual or organization goes through in making a change

A

change management model

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46
Q

it provides principles for successful implementation of change

A

change management model

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47
Q

it consists of a three-stage approach for change

A

lewin’s change model

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48
Q

preparing for change

A

unfreezing

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49
Q

making the change

A

moving/changing

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50
Q

institutionalizing

A

refreezing

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51
Q

it identifies both the driving (positive) and restraining (negative) forces that influence whether change can occur

A

lewin’s force field analysis

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52
Q

beliefs, expectations, and cultural norms that tend to encourage a change and give it momentum

A

driving forces

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53
Q

those that make it difficult to accept a change or to work to implement a change

A

restraining forces

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54
Q

it is a theory that proposes that every organizational system is made up of 4 main components— people, tasks, structure, and technology — with an interaction among the 4 component

A

leavitt’s diamond

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55
Q

it specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about the information system

A

technology acceptance model (TAM)

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56
Q

who developed diffusion of innovation theory

A

E.M. Rogers

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57
Q

it explains how a new idea or product gains acceptance and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or subset of an organization

A

diffusion of innovation theory

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58
Q

it employs the IS department’s equipment and personnel to help the organization attain its goals

A

Chief information officer (CIO)

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59
Q

its central role is to communicate with other areas of the organization to determine changing business needs

A

Senior IS Managers

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60
Q

they are responsible for the maintenance and operation of the organization’s computing facilities

A

Data center managers

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61
Q

they run and maintain IS equipment

A

System operators

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62
Q

they are responsible for maintaining the security and integrity of their organizations’ systems and data

A

IS security analysts

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63
Q

they set up and manage the network hardware, software, and security processes

A

Local area network (LAN) administrators

64
Q

they write the software that customers and employees use

A

software developers

65
Q

they consult with management and users, and convey system requirements to software developers and network architects

A

systems analysts

66
Q

they convert a program design developed by a systems analyst or software developer into one of many computer languages

A

programmers

67
Q

they design and maintain Web sites, including site layout and function, to meet the client’s requirements

A

web developers

68
Q

they design and set up databases to meet an organization’s needs

A

database administrators (DBAs)

69
Q

they respond to telephone calls, email, and other inquiries from computer users regarding hardware, software, networking, or other IS-related problems or needs

A

system support specialists

70
Q

these are digital devices that you can touch

A

hardware

71
Q

they are being integrated into many everyday objects

A

digital devices

72
Q

it signals into discrete values, typically known as binary

A

processes electronic

73
Q

each one or zero is referred to as a

A

bit

74
Q

a group of eight bits is known as a

A

byte

75
Q

it is a blending of the two words “binary” and “digit”

A

bit

76
Q

it is a part of the computer that sequences and executes instructions

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

77
Q

each processor produces a series of electronic pulses at a predetermined rate which governs the speed at which these steps are completed

A

clock speed

78
Q

cpu is often measured in

A

gigahertz (GHz)

79
Q

billions of cycles per second

A

gigahertz (GHz)

80
Q

it involves the simultaneous execution of two or more instructions at the same time

A

multiprocessing

81
Q

speeds processing by executing specific types of instructions while the CPU works on another processing activity

A

coprocessors

82
Q

it has two or more independent processing units, called cores

A

multicore processor

83
Q

independent processing units

A

cores

84
Q

the number of transistors on a chip will double every 2 years, or the amount of computing power and storage capacity will double every 2 years, while the components become smaller

A

moore’s law

85
Q

it provides the processor with a working storage area to hold program instructions and data

A

main memory

86
Q

its chief function is to rapidly provide data and instructions to the CPU

A

main memory

87
Q

devices that store large amounts of data, instructions, and information more permanently than allowed with memory

A

Secondary Data Storage Devices

88
Q

most common forms of Secondary Data Storage Devices

A

o Magnetic
o Optical
o Solid state

89
Q

a large secondary storage

A

Enterprise Storage Options

90
Q

a high-speed, special-purpose network that integrates different types of data storage devices into a single storage system and connects that to computing resources across an entire organization

A

storage area networks (SANs)

91
Q

a data storage model where a data storage service provider rents space to individuals and organizations; accessed via the Internet

A

storage as a service

92
Q

it allows the user to provide data and instructions to the computer and to receive results from it

A

input and output devices

93
Q

they are part of a computer’s user interface

A

input and output devices

94
Q

it allows accurate and rapid entry

A

input devices

95
Q

it produces timely results

A

output devices

96
Q

input devices

A

 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Speech-Recognition Technology
 Scanning Devices
 Optical Data Readers
 Point-of-sale (POS) Devices
 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Devices
 Pen Input Devices
 Touch Screen

97
Q

they used to show output from the computer

A

display screens

98
Q

two main types of printers

A

laser and inkjet

99
Q

they are used for general design work – blueprints, schematics, and drawings of buildings

A

plotters

100
Q

they create a three-dimensional model of an object using strands of a plastic filament or synthetic powder

A

3D Printers

101
Q

it has taken on many functions of PCs transmitting data, surfing the web, transmitting e-mail and instant messages, displaying digital content, and exchanging data

A

The Mobile Platform

102
Q

a new information technology that first emerges in the consumer market spreads into business organizations, including use of mobile platforms and software services in business

A

Consumerization of IT and BYOD

103
Q

meaning of BYOD

A

bring your own device

104
Q

a process of presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location

A

virtualization

105
Q

it is also called green IT

A

green computing

106
Q

a program concerned with the efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products

A

green computing

107
Q

a model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a shared pool of virtualized resources over a network, primarily the Internet

A

cloud computing

108
Q

it allows data from internet of things (IoT) devices to be analyzed at the edge of the network before being sent to a data center or cloud

A

edge computing

109
Q

consists of computer programs that control the workings of computer hardware

A

software

110
Q

two types of software

A

system software
application software

111
Q

it includes operating system (OS), utilities, and middleware that coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and other programs

A

system software

112
Q

programs that help users solve particular computing problems

A

application software

113
Q

the scope of problems and opportunities addressed by a particular organization

A

sphere of influence

114
Q

it controls the operations of computer hardware

A

systems software

115
Q

it supports the application programs’ problem-solving capabilities

A

systems software

116
Q

Types of systems software

A

o Operating systems
o Utility programs
o Middleware

117
Q

its primary function is to apply the power of the computer to enable people, workgroups, and the entire enterprise to solve problems and perform specific tasks

A

application software

118
Q

it is free and can be modified by users, not restricted to any specific OS or hardware technology; derived from the original code must also be free

A

open-source software

119
Q

software programs developed for the mobile platform

A

apps

120
Q

software application that integrates functionality and data from multiple applications to create a new, customized application

A

mashups

121
Q

a collection of integrated and related files

A

database

122
Q

a collection of related records

A

files

123
Q

a collection of related data fields

A

record

124
Q

a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity

A

field

125
Q

it represents a character

A

byte

126
Q

it represents a circuit that is either on or off

A

bit

127
Q

hierarchy of data

A

database
files
records
fields
byte
bit

128
Q

a person, place, or thing for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

A

entity

129
Q

a characteristic of an entity

A

attribute

130
Q

it is the specific value of an attribute

A

data item

131
Q

it is a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record

A

primary key

132
Q

it offers the ability to share data and information resources

A

database approach

133
Q

interface between applications and physical data files

A

database management systems

134
Q

it solves problems of traditional file environment

A

database management systems

135
Q

it specifies structure of database content, used to create tables and define characteristics of fields

A

data definition

136
Q

it is an automated or manual file storing definitions of data elements and their characteristics

A

data dictionary

137
Q

it is used to add, change, delete, retrieve data from database

A

data manipulation

138
Q

it is also known as NoSQL or Not Only SQL

A

nonrelational DBMS

139
Q

it is a more flexible data model and are designed for managing large data sets across many distributed machines and for easily scaling up or down

A

nonrelational DBMS

140
Q

they are useful for accelerating simple queries against large volumes of structured and unstructured data that are difficult to analyze with traditional SQL-based tools

A

nonrelational DBMS

141
Q

SQL means?

A

Structured Query Language

142
Q

a distributed database technology that enables firms and organizations to create and verify transactions on a network nearly instantaneously without a central authority

A

blockchain

143
Q

term used to describe data sets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical DBMS to capture, store, and analyze

A

big data

144
Q

a database that stores current and historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout the company

A

data warehouse

145
Q

a subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the organization’s data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users

A

data mart

146
Q

it takes a “store everything” approach to big data, saving all the data in its raw and unaltered form

A

data lake

147
Q

data lake is also called ?

A

enterprise data hub

148
Q

an open-source software framework that includes several software modules that provide a means for storing and processing extremely large data sets

A

hadoop

149
Q

a data processing component

A

MapReduce

150
Q

a distributed file system

A

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)

151
Q

a resource management unit

A

Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN)

152
Q

an integrated set of functions that defines the processes by which data is obtained, certified fit for use, stored, secured, and processed in such a way as to ensure that the accessibility, reliability, and timeliness of the data meet the needs of the data users within an organization

A

data management

153
Q

a core component of data management

A

data governance

154
Q

it defines the roles, responsibilities, and processes for ensuring that data can be trusted and used by the entire organization, with people identified and in place who are responsible for fixing and preventing issues with data

A

data governance

155
Q

it is an individual responsible for management of critical data elements

A

data steward

2nd year, 1st Sem (11 decks)

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