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2nd year, 1st Sem > GNED4 > Flashcards

GNED4 Flashcards

1
Q

he is a Portuguese explorer working under the employ of the Spanish crown

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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2
Q

saan nagttrabaho si magellan?

A

spanish crown

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3
Q

book ni antonio pigafetta

A

the first voyage around the world

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4
Q

sino naging bagong commander ng expedition noong namatay si magellan?

A

juan sebastian el cano

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5
Q

when do Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines on an epic voyage of discovery and exploration?

A

March 16, 1521

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6
Q

they started to explore the Philippines in the early 16th century

A

spaniards

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7
Q

Ferdinand Magellan led a Spanish expedition to ?

A

the spice island

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8
Q

saan nakarating sina magellan?

A

sugbu (cebu)

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9
Q

who is the local chieftain of Cebu

A

rajah humabon

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10
Q

sino asawa ni rajah humabon

A

hara amihan

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11
Q

baptized name ni rajah humabon

A

carlos

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12
Q

baptized name ni hara amihan?

A

juana

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13
Q

he was an explorer commissioned by Spain to search for a new route to the fabled Spice Islands that would not trespass Portuguese territory

A

ferdinand magellan

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14
Q

Therefore, we can conclude that there was yet no Philippines, or Filipinos, way back ?

A

1521

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15
Q

Magellan named the islands what?

A

the Archipelago of St. Lazarus

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16
Q

lapu-lapu is a not a “filipino” before, but a

A

“Lazarean” or “Lazareano”

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17
Q

it was first imposed on the islands of Samar-Leyte in 1544 by the Villalobos expedition

A

“felipe-nas”

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18
Q

“Felipe-nas” was first imposed on the islands of ?

A

samar-leyte in 1544 by the Villalobos expedition

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19
Q

Ferdinand Magellan claimed various lands for Spain and naming them

A

Islas de San Lazaro

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20
Q

More than ____ locals, after Humabon converted to _____ and was baptized as _____

A

2,200
Catholicism
Carlos

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21
Q

he is the chief of nearby Mactan Island

A

lapu-lapu

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22
Q

it is a Christian cross planted by Portuguese, and Spanish explorers as ordered by Ferdinand Magellan upon arriving in Cebu in the Philippines on April 14, 1521

A

magellan’s cross

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23
Q

Magellan’s Cross is a _____ planted by Portuguese, and Spanish explorers as ordered by Ferdinand Magellan upon arriving in Cebu in the Philippines

A

Christian cross

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24
Q

Magellan’s Cross is a Christian cross planted by Portuguese, and Spanish explorers as ordered by Ferdinand Magellan upon arriving in Cebu in the Philippines on

A

April 14, 1521

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25
Q

it describes the original cross is encased inside the wooden cross that is found in the center of the chapel

A

sign below the cross

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26
Q

bakit nakatago yung original cross?

A

to protect the original cross from people who chipped away parts of the cross for souvenir purposes or in the belief that the cross possesses miraculous powers

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27
Q

he was a ruler of Mactan

A

lapu-lapu

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28
Q

he is known as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted the Spanish colonization

A

lapu-lapu

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29
Q

Datu Lapu-Lapu is also known under the names ?

A

Çilapulapu
Si LapuLapu
Salip Pulaka
Cali Pulaco
Lapulapu Dimantag.

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30
Q

About the middle of the month of _________, Lapu-Lapu was born to the couple Datu Manggal and Matang Matana

A

Daghangkahoy (February) 1481

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31
Q

who are the parents of lapu-lapu?

A

Datu Manggal and Matang Matana

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32
Q

Lapu-Lapu was a grandson of ?

A

Sri Mohammed and his wife Malindang

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33
Q

he is the leader of the first settlers

A

Sri Mohammed

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34
Q

This name indicates that Sri Mohammed was a _______

A

Muslim

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35
Q

However, according to some local historians, the inhabitants of ______ were not _____ because they are already converted as ____

A

Sugbo
Muslims
Christians

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36
Q

According to the accounts of _____, the following is the life story of Lapu-Lapu

A

Atty. Vicente Gullas

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37
Q

A few years from _____, Sri Mohammed and his wife Malindang and son Datu Manggal, left their place which was at the ________

A

1457
south-east part of Malaysia

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38
Q

However, _____ said that a Moro (or Muslim) named, _______, trader met the flagship _______ and acted as ______. So, there were already ______ residents in _____

A

Antonio Pigafetta
Enrique de Malacca
Trinidad
interpreter
Moro
Cebu

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39
Q

He was the man who fought off and killed the troops of Magellan, a foreign invader trying to conquer the Philippines

A

Lapu-lapu

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40
Q

his accounts showed that Lapu-Lapu recognized the authority of the Spanish Crown through Magellan and even agreed to pay tribute to the colonizers

A

Antonio Pigafetta

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41
Q

But the relationship soured after Magellan demanded that Lapu-Lapu recognize his anointed supreme chieftain, Rajah Humabon, by ________, a European way of _________

A

kissing the latter’s hand
recognizing authority

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42
Q

When Lapu-Lapu refused, Magellan’s troops attacked the chieftain’s village ______, burning the houses.

A

twice

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43
Q

On the morning of _______, Lapu-Lapu led ______ warriors in a battle against Portuguese explorer and conquistador Ferdinand Magellan who led a force of ______ Spanish soldiers and ____ native warriors from Cebu

A

April 27, 1521
3,000
forty-nine
6000

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44
Q

Magellan was first immobilized by a _______ that hit his ___. The leader of the Spanish expedition was then killed with a _____ to the ____.

A

poisoned arrow
leg
bamboo lance/sibat
chest

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45
Q

__ members of the Spanish forces were able to return to Spain. __ survivors were given refuge by Humabon. With Magellan dead, Lapu-Lapu, the battle’s victor, demanded that Humabon kill the survivors. Humabon refused and sold the survivors as ____ to ______.

A

18
9
slaves
Chinese merchants

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46
Q

According to _____, Lapu-Lapu “was not a handsome, gym-fit warrior” when he defeated Magellan at the Battle of Mactan.

A

Ocampo

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47
Q

paano dinescribe ni ocampo si lapu-lapu?

A

hindi gwapo at hindi gym-fit warrior

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48
Q

Citing a chapter from _______’s book “Ferdinand Magellan: _____,” (2016) which is based on primary sources in Spain and Portugal, Ocampo said Lapu-Lapu was already __ years old at the time

A

Danilo Madrid Gerona
The Armada de Maluco and the European Discovery of the Philippines
70

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49
Q

Magellan was killed by a ______, _______, but the honor was given to Lapu-Lapu

A

Boholano
Sampong Baha

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50
Q

The most commonly used reference book for the so called “______” is the recorded stories of Antonio Pigafetta who was a participant of the Magellan expedition.

A

Battle of Mactan Island

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51
Q

kailan nakabalik ng espanya sina el cano?

A

september 6, 1522

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52
Q

Evolution of the name, “Philippines”

A
  1. Ma-Yi o Ma-I (Land of Gold)
  2. Las Islas de San Lazaro (Saint Lazarus’ Islands)
  3. Las Islas Felipinas (Philippine Islands/Islands belonging to Philip)
  4. Las Islas Filipinas, or simply “Filipinas”
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53
Q

_______ was named by ______, a Greek mapmaker, in his ancient map

A

Ma-Yi o Ma-I
Claudius Ptolemy

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54
Q

first coins ng ph

A

piloncito

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55
Q

money hanggang 16th century; mas malaki pa sa piloncito

A

barter rings

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56
Q

ano pa tawag sa barter rings?

A

gold ingots

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57
Q

status symbol ng mga tao

A

gold

58
Q

____ was the Chinese local name of present-day _____. On the other hand, historians claimed that Ma-i was not an island, but all the ________ itself.

A

Ma-i
Mindoro
south of South Sea islands groups and Manila

59
Q

_____ was the name given by the Chinese named ______ to the present-day island of ____. It originated from the Tagalog word ____, a wooden mortar that is used to pound rice.

A

Liusung
Murillo Velarde
Luzon
lusong

60
Q

When the Spanish produced maps of the Philippines during the early 17th century, they called the island _____ which was later re-spelled as _____, then _____.

A

Luçonia
Luzonia
Luzon

61
Q

______ was named by Fernando de Magallanes, when he reached the island of ___ in ____ (now ______) on the feast day of ____.

A

Las Islas de San Lazaro
Homonhon
Samar
Eastern Samar
Saint Lazarus of Bethany

62
Q

The Magellan expedition, also known as the ______, resulted in the first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth in 1522. It is considered by many as one of the most important events in history for its scientific, socio-economic, political, philosophic and theological consequences

A

Magellan-Elcano expedition

63
Q

The Philippines was named in honor of _______. Spanish explorer ______, during his expedition in ____, named the islands of Leyte and Samar _____ after the Prince of ______, then, Philip II of Spain

A

King Philip II of Spain
Ruy López de Villalobos
1542
Felipinas
Asturias

64
Q

what are the early shelters?

A

caves
bahay kubo
tree house

65
Q

Early Filipinos lived in ___ because it was safer

A

caves

66
Q

people who live in caves sometimes moved to the _____ for farming and fishing

A

plains and coastal areas

67
Q

Houses were made of light materials like wood, bamboo and nipa palm. A ladder was placed to prevent strangers from intruding when the owner was not around

A

bahay kubo o nipa hut

68
Q

these were also made of light materials like wood, bamboo and nipa palm

A

tree house

69
Q

who are the people?

A

callao man
tabon man
negritos (aeta)
malay people

70
Q

they were known as “Ubag” or the cave people

A

callao man

71
Q

callao man were known as?

A

“Ubag” or the cave people

72
Q

a hominin who settled in Luzon Island with remains found in Callao cave

A

Homo Luzonensis

73
Q

they arrived in small migrations from mainland southeast asia

A

negritos (aeta)

74
Q

it is the oldest modern human specimen that has been discovered in the Philippines with certainty

A

tabon man

75
Q

they brought a more advanced culture like iron melting, pottery techniques, and the system of sawah’s (rice fields)

A

malay people

76
Q

tabon man

A

palawan
homo sapiens

77
Q

The only survivors of the original hunter gathers that inhabited Southeast Asia are ____ Negritos of peninsular Malaysia and the Negritos of the mountains of Luzon and some islands of the Philippines

A

Semang

78
Q

they are very small people with a dark skin and curly brown hair

A

negritos (aeta)

79
Q

The Aeta are thought to have arrived in the Philippines between 13,000 and 10,000 years ago from the Asian continent, most likely from what is now the _____

A

Malay Peninsula or Borneo

80
Q

people that evolved into the Malay tribes that dominate Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines

A

malay people

81
Q

what are the social class?

A

datus o leaders
timawa
maharlika
slaves (aliping namamahay and aliping sagigilid)

82
Q

Highest position in the community

A

datus

83
Q

they did not pay taxes. Travelled with the Datu. Supervised the rowers of the boat

A

maharlika

84
Q

mandirigma and nagtatanggol ng pamayanan

A

maharlika

85
Q

maharlika is also known as?

A

free people

86
Q

known as the working class/rowers of the boat

A

timawa

87
Q

illegitimate child ng mga datu sa alipin o anak sa labas ng mga datu

A

timawa

88
Q

2 types of slaves

A

aliping namamahay
aliping sagigilid

89
Q

they were not full pledge slave. They had their own respective families and their own houses. They were required to serve their masters only during planting and harvesting period

A

aliping namamahay

90
Q

they were the real slaves, they were homeless, forbidden to form their own families, required to stay in their masters dwelling and they could be used as a payment for debt

A

aliping sagigilid

91
Q

what are the other important groups?

A

tambalan
atubang ng datu
daragangan
paratabgaw

92
Q

healers of doctors

A

tambalan

93
Q

tambalan ay kilala ring?

A

babaylan o mga sinaunang manggagamot

94
Q

adviser of the datu

A

atubang ng datu

95
Q

outstanding soldier/he is made to wear a “pinayusan” – a decorative scarf made of abaca

A

daragangan

96
Q

a decorative scarf made of abaca

A

pinayusan

97
Q

barangay teacher

A

paratabgaw

98
Q

The government was called “___”. It is derived from ____, the name for the sailboats that originally brought settlers of Malay stock to the Philippines from Borneo

A

barangay
balangay

99
Q

barangas was headed by a ruler called ______

A

datu o rajah

100
Q

powers and functions of a datu

A
  • Implementing laws
  • Maintaining peace and order
  • Giving protection to his subjects
  • He also made the law, with the assistance of group of elders who gave advice (Lupon ng Tagapayo)
  • He acted also as a judge during trial
101
Q

Like community of nations, ____ among barangay were formed. The purpose of forming ____ was for ___.

A

alliances
alliances
trade, peace and mutual protection

102
Q

An ____ was sealed through blood compact (sanduguan), to ensure conformity, sincerity and commitment of the chieftains

A

alliances

103
Q

_____ was an ancient ritual in the Philippines intended to seal a friendship or treaty, or to validate an agreement. The contracting parties would cut their wrists and pour their blood into a cup filled with liquid, such as wine, and drink the mixture.

A

Blood compact o sanduguan

104
Q

The man was required to give a ____

A

dowry

105
Q

it was the type of dowry consisted of a piece of land or gold

A

bigay-kaya

106
Q

it was another payment for raising the future bride during her infancy period, to be paid by the groom’s parent also

A

himaraw

107
Q

2 types of dowry

A

bigay-kaya
himaraw

108
Q

Surprising Facts during the Pre-Colonial Period

A
  1. They compressed their babies’ skulls for aesthetic reasons
  2. Gold was literally everywhere
  3. Women enjoyed equal status with men.
  4. It was considered a disgrace for a woman to have many children
  5. Celebrating a girl’s first menstruation, pre-colonial style
  6. Whatever happened to our ancient writing system
  7. Courtship was a long, arduous, and expensive process
  8. Before Roman Catholicism and Islam were introduced, natives worshipped many gods and goddesses
109
Q

Back then, there were no doctors or priests whom our ancestors could turn to when things went awry. The only hope they had was a spirit medium or shaman who could directly communicate with the spirits or gods. They were known in the Visayas as ____, while the Tagalogs called them ____.

A

babaylan
catalonan (katulunan)

110
Q

In the pre-colonial era, this transition was seen as a crucial period in womanhood, so much so that all girls were required to go through an intricate rite of passage. During the ritual, the girl who was having her first period was _____

A

secluded, covered, and blindfolded

111
Q

You’re not supposed to call our ancient script “____” because it’s a misnomer

A

alibata

112
Q

The word (from ‘____,’ the first letters of the Arabic script) was actually invented by _____ who thought our earliest writing system was of Arabic origins.

A

Alif-bata
Paul Versoza

113
Q

The thing is, the ____(which is the correct term) is believed to be one of the indigenous alphabets in Asia that originated from the ____ of ancient India.

A

baybayin
Sanskrit

114
Q

it is the custom requiring the guy to work for the girl’s family before marriage was already prevalent during the pre-colonial times

A

paninilbihan

115
Q

Before Roman Catholicism and Islam were introduced, natives worshipped many gods and goddesses

A

i. Bathala
ii. Aman Sinaya
iii. Idianale
iv. Dumangan
v. AnitunTabu
vi. Mapulon
vii. Lakapati
viii. Dumakulem
ix. Dian Masalanta
x. Apolaki
xi. Libulan
xii. Sitan
xiii. Aring Sinukuan
xiv. Apung Malyari

116
Q

supreme god in the heavens. He is the leader of the gods

A

bathala

117
Q

Goddess of the Sea

A

aman sinaya

118
Q

Goddess of Labor and Good Deeds

A

idianale

119
Q

God of Good Harvest

A

dumangan

120
Q

Goddess of the Wind and Rain

A

anitun tabu

121
Q

God of Seasons

A

mapulon

122
Q

Hermaphrodite Goddess of Fertility and Agriculture

A

lakapati

123
Q

Guardian of the Mountains

A

dumakulem

124
Q

Goddess of Lovers, Childbirth, and Peace

A

dian masalanta

125
Q

God of the Sun, Patron of Warriors

A

apolaki

126
Q

God of the Moon, Patron God of Homosexuality

A

libulan

127
Q

God of the Lower World

A

sitan

128
Q

Sun God of War and Death

A

aring sinukuan

129
Q

Goddess of the Moon, Ruler of the Eight Rivers

A

apung malyari

130
Q

religious belied and mythologies such as anito (influences from hinduism and buddhism)

A

b. Aswang
c. Dwende
d. Kapre
e. Tiyanak
f. Tikbalang
g. Mangkukulam

131
Q

Sa kabuoang bilang na 270 na crew, ginamit na ang limang barko na may pangalang:

A
  1. Trinidad
  2. San Antonio
  3. Concepcion
  4. Victoria
  5. Santiago
132
Q

ilang crew meron si magellan?

A

270

133
Q

Sa ulat, ilang taon ang nilakbay ng grupong ito kasama ang limang barko

A

tatlo

134
Q

Nang sila ay makarating sa daungan ng San Julian sa Timog Amerika noong Setyembre 1520, ang barkong ____ ay nasira dahil sa malakas na bagyong sinuong nila ng utusan ito ni Magellan na mauna sa kanilang paglalakbay. Ang mga nabuhay na crew ay iniligtas lamang ng iba pang mga kasamahang barko.

A

Santiago

135
Q

Ang barkong ____ ay maagang bumalik sa Espanya. Ayaw ng mga crew at kapitan nito na sundin ang mapanganib na paglalakbay na nais ni Magellan. Sa pagtakas ng grupong ito, tatlo na lamang ang barkong natitira sa poder ni Magellan.

A

San Antonio

136
Q

Sa pagkamatay ni Magellan sa labanan sa Mactan, tanging dalawang barko na lamang ang inulat na nakarating sa Spice Island. At tanging isa na lamang doon ang nakabalik sa Espanya. Ito ay ang barkong ____ kasama ang 18 tauhan nito.

A

Victoria

137
Q

antropologo na nakadiscover ng 3 parts ng tabon man

A

dr. robert fox

138
Q

history ng name na “luzon”

A

Murillo Velarde (1734), Liusung, Lusong
Perez, Portuguese, Lucose
Japanese, Roson/Rozon
European Map Maker, Luconia, Luzonia, Luzon

139
Q

babaylan in tagalog

A

katulunan

140
Q

katulunan in visayas

A

babaylan

141
Q

ano ang pinapakain dati sa mga babaeng may mens

A

itlog at 4 na kutsarang kanin

142
Q

boat made for 50-100 people

A

birey

2nd year, 1st Sem (11 decks)

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