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2nd year, 1st Sem > DCIT 24 (2nd Quiz) > Flashcards

DCIT 24 (2nd Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

it is a set of related components that work together to accomplish defined objectives

A

system

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2
Q

it interacts with its environment and performs functions to accomplish objectives

A

system

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3
Q

it is like a physical system

A

information system

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4
Q

it manipulates data rather than a physical object

A

information system

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5
Q

it accepts data from its environment, process data and produces information for decision making

A

information system

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6
Q

it provides long-term memory for information systems

A

database

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7
Q

it also contains people, procedures, input data, output data, software, and hardware

A

information system

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8
Q

it is the traditional life cycle

A

the waterfall model

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9
Q

it contains sequential flow in which the result of each phase flows to the next phase

A

waterfall model

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10
Q

they produce a problem statement and feasibility study

A

preliminary investigation phase

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11
Q

they produce requirements describing processes, data, and environment interactions.

A

systems analysis phase

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12
Q

they use diagramming techniques to document processes, data, and environment interactions

A

systems analysis phase

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13
Q

they produce a plan to implement the requirements efficiently

A

systems design phase

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14
Q

they produce design specifications for processes, data, and environment interaction

A

analysts

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15
Q

they produce executable code, databases, and user documentation

A

systems implementation phase

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16
Q

they produce corrections, changes, and enhancements to an operating information system

A

maintenance phase

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17
Q

it commences when an information system becomes operational

A

maintenance phase

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18
Q

it is fundamentally different from other phases because it comprises activities from all the other phases

A

maintenance phase

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19
Q

it ends after deploying a replacement system and retiring the current system

A

maintenance phase

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20
Q

they perform life cycle phases for subsets of a system

A

spiral development methodologies

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21
Q

they progressively produce a larger system until the complete system emerges

A

spiral development methodologies

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22
Q

they delay producing design documents until requirements are clear

A

rapid application development methodologies

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23
Q

it is the scaled-down versions of a system

A

prototypes

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24
Q

it can be implemented rapidly using graphical development tools for generating menus, forms, reports, and other code

A

prototypes

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25
Q

it can reduce the risk of developing an information system because it allows earlier and more direct feedback about the system

A

prototyping

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26
Q

they are another variation to traditional information systems development

A

agile development methodologies

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27
Q

they promote active user involvement and team empowerment, viewing software development as an empirical process

A

agile development methodologies

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28
Q

it involves iteration through small incremental releases with testing integrated throughout the project lifecycle

A

agile development

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29
Q

it is a prominent agile development approach

A

extreme programming

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30
Q

it is a subset of agile

A

scrum

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31
Q

it provides a set of concepts and practices for reducing software development overhead and maximizing productive work

A

scrum

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32
Q

it describes the entity types and relationships

A

data model

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33
Q

it describes relationships among processes

A

process model

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34
Q

it can provide input data used by other processes and use the output data of other processes

A

process

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35
Q

it describes relationships between events and processes

A

environment interaction model

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36
Q

it produces an initial version of these models

A

systems analysis phase

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37
Q

it adds more details for the efficient implementation of the models

A

systems design phase

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38
Q

it usually produces the process and environment interaction models after the data model

A

development processes

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39
Q

it produces an operational database for an information system

A

database development process

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40
Q

what are the three schemas?

A

external, conceptual, and internal

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41
Q

these two phases are concerned with the information content of the database

A

conceptual data modeling and logical database design

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42
Q

these two phases are concerned with efficient implementation

A

distributed database design and physical database design

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43
Q

it uses data requirements and produces entity relationship diagrams (ERDs) for the conceptual schema and each external schema

A

conceptual data modeling

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44
Q

it should represent all the requirements and formats

A

conceptual schema

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45
Q

it represents the requirements of a particular usage of the database such as a form or report, rather than all requirements

A

external schema

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46
Q

they are generally much smaller than the conceptual schema

A

external schema

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47
Q

it is a graphical representation that depicts things of interest (entities) and relationships among entities

A

entity relationship model

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48
Q

it provides a unique identification for the entity type

A

primary key

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49
Q

it transforms the conceptual data model into a format understandable by a commercial DBMS

A

logical database design

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50
Q

it is concerned with refining the conceptual data model

A

logical design phase

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51
Q

the logical database design phase consists of two refinement activities, what are they?

A

conversion and normalization

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52
Q

it transforms ERDs into table designs using conversion rules

A

conversion activity

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53
Q

it removes redundancies in a table design using constraints or dependencies among columns

A

normalization activity

54
Q

it marks a departure from the first two phases

A

distributed database design

55
Q

it improves the availability of the database but makes updating more difficult because multiple copies must be kept consistent

A

replication

56
Q

it is concerned with an efficient implementation

A

physical database design

57
Q

it involves performance at one computer location only

A

physical database design

58
Q

it is an auxiliary file that can improve performance

A

index

59
Q

it can improve performance on retrievals but reduce performance on updates

A

index

60
Q

a designer makes decisions about clustering to locate data close together on a disk

A

data placement

61
Q

it is a time consuming and labor-intensive process often involving a team of designers

A

designing large databases

62
Q

it merges the views into a complete and consistent conceptual schema

A

view integration process

63
Q

it involves recognizing and resolving conflicts

A

integration

64
Q

it is an important part of conflict resolution in the view integration process

A

compromise

65
Q

it is performed to produce data, process, and interaction models that are consistent and complete

A

cross-checking

66
Q

it produces ERDs, table designs, and so on as described in this section

A

database development process

67
Q

it produces process models, interaction models, and prototypes

A

applications development process

68
Q

it is a project management model used to outline, design, develop, test, and deploy an information system or software product

A

system development life cycle or SDLC

69
Q

it defines the necessary steps needed to take a project from the idea or concept stage to the actual deployment and further maintenance

A

system development life cycle or SDLC

70
Q

it represents a multitude of complex models used in software development

A

SDLC

71
Q

it is a general methodology that covers different step-by-step processes needed to create a high-quality software product

A

SDLC

72
Q

how many stages do systems development life cycle has?

A

seven

73
Q

it is one of the core phases of SDLC

A

planning

74
Q

it acts as the foundation of the whole SDLC scheme and paves the way for the successful execution of upcoming steps and, ultimately, a successful project launch

A

planning stage

75
Q

the problem or pain the software targets is clearly defined

A

planning stage

76
Q

it involves analysis of the resources and costs needed to complete the project, as well as estimating the overall price of the software developed

A

planning stage

77
Q

it clearly defines the outline of system development

A

planning stage

78
Q

in this step, you incorporate more specific data for your new system

A

analysis stage

79
Q

it includes the first system prototype drafts, market research, and an evaluation of competitors

A

analysis stage

80
Q

it is an essential precursor to development

A

design stage

81
Q

it is often incorrectly equated with the actual development process but is rather an extensive prototyping stage

A

design stage

82
Q

they are used for the fast creation of multiple early- stage working prototypes

A

prototyping tools

83
Q

they ensure that best practices are rigorously adhered to

A

AI monitoring tools

84
Q

in this stage, the system creation process produces a working solution

A

development stage

85
Q

this stage includes both front and back-end development

A

development stage

86
Q

it is often split into different sub- stages

A

development stage

87
Q

it ensures the application’s features work correctly and coherently and fulfill user objectives and expectations

A

testing stage

88
Q

it involves detecting the possible bugs, defects, and errors, searching for vulnerabilities, etc., and can sometimes take up even more time compared to the app-building stage

A

testing stage

89
Q

it uses testing outcomes based on plain language to include non-developers in the process

A

behavior-driven development

90
Q

a browser testing tool

A

selenium

91
Q

at this stage, the software undergoes final testing through the training or pre-production environment

A

integration and implementation stage

92
Q

the software is already being used by end-users

A

maintenance stage

93
Q

it continuously evaluates performance and uptime and detect errors

A

automated monitoring tools

94
Q

it can assist developers with ongoing quality assurance

A

automated monitoring tools

95
Q

automated monitoring tools is also known as?

A

instrumentation

96
Q

what are the 6 SDLC Methodologies?

A

waterfall model
iterative model
spiral model
v-model
the big bang model
agile model

97
Q

it implies a linear type of project phase completion

A

waterfall model

98
Q

each stage has its separate project plan and is strictly related to the previous and next steps of system development

A

waterfall model

99
Q

it allows for a high degree of structure and clarity

A

waterfall model

100
Q

it incorporates a series of smaller “waterfalls,” where manageable portions of code are carefully analyzed, tested, and delivered through repeating development cycles

A

iterative model

101
Q

it is often favored because it is adaptable, and changes are comparatively easier to accommodate

A

iterative model

102
Q

it best fits large projects where the risk of issues arising is high

A

spiral model

103
Q

it enables regular incorporation of feedback, which significantly reduces the time and costs required to implement changes

A

spiral model

104
Q

it requires a rigorous timeline and large amounts of resources

A

verification and validation methodology

105
Q

it tends to be resource-intensive and inflexible

A

verification and validation model

106
Q

it is mostly used for creating and delivering a wide range of ideas

A

the big bang model

107
Q

it perfectly fits the clients who don’t have a clear idea or vision of what their final product should look like

A

the big bang model

108
Q

it prioritizes collaboration and the implementation of small changes based on regular feedback

A

agile model

109
Q

it accounts for shifting project requirements, which may become apparent over the course of SDLC

A

agile model

110
Q

it is a type of time-constrained Agile model

A

scrum model

111
Q

it is a hybrid of the Agile and Waterfall model

A

agile-waterfall hybrid

112
Q

they are responsible for authorizing access to the database, coordinating and monitoring its use, and acquiring software and hardware resources as needed

A

database administrators

113
Q

administrating the primary (database) and secondary (DBMS and related software) is their responsibility

A

database administrators

114
Q

they are responsible for identifying the data to be stored in the database and for choosing appropriate structures to represent and store this data

A

database designers

115
Q

they typically interact with each potential group and user and develop a view of the database that meets the data and processing requirements of these groups

A

database designers

116
Q

they are the people whose jobs require access to the database for querying, updating, and generating reports

A

end users

117
Q

they occasionally access the database, but they may need different information each time

A

casual end user

118
Q

they are typically middle-or high-level managers or other occasional browsers

A

casual end user

119
Q

their main job function revolves around constantly querying and updating the database, using standard types of queries and updates that have been carefully programmed and tested

A

naive or parametric end user

120
Q

they include engineers, scientists, business analysts, and others who thoroughly familiarize themselves with the facilities of the DBMS so as to implement their applications to meet their complex requirements

A

sophisticated end user

121
Q

they maintain the personal databases by using ready- made program packages that provide an easy-to-use menu or graphics- based interfaces

A

stand-alone user

122
Q

they determine the requirements of end users, especially naive and parametric end users, and develop specifications for canned transactions that meet these requirements

A

system analysts

123
Q

they describe how a database management system (DBMS) will be integrated with your application

A

database architecture

124
Q

the database and any application interfacing with the database are kept on a single server or device

A

1-tier architecture

125
Q

this is generally a fast way to access data

A

1-tier architecture

126
Q

it consists of multiple clients connecting directly to the database

A

2-tier architecture

127
Q

it is also known as client-server architecture

A

2-tier architecture

128
Q

2-tier architecture is also known as?

A

client-server architecture

129
Q

this architecture used to be more common when a desktop application would connect to a single database hosted on an on-premise database server

A

2-tier architecture

130
Q

most modern web applications use this architecture

A

3-tier architecture

131
Q

in this architecture, the clients connect to a back end, which in turn connects to the database

A

3-tier architecture

2nd year, 1st Sem (11 decks)

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