Insulin (Terms, Administration, Types)

Question 1

What are the 4 types of insulin that individuals may administer? How long does each take to work?
[Hint- the names reflect how long they take to act]

Answer 1

Types of Insulin:
1. Rapid Acting (within 1min)
2. Short Acting (within 30min)
3. Intermediate Acting (within 1hr)
4. Long Acting (no peak, stays in system for 24hrs)

Question 2

What class/type of insulin are these:
Insulin- Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine

Answer 2

These are all rapid acting insulins which will work within 1min

Question 3

What are 3 common ways diabetics administer insulin?

Answer 3

Administering insulin:
- Insulin pen
- Insulin syringe
- Insulin pump

Question 4

What is the most commonly prescribed medication for T2DM management in Australia?

Answer 4

Metformin (a Biguanide) is the most commonly prescribed medication in Aus for T2DM patients.

Question 5

Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for T2 diabetics in Australia. It increases the sensitivity of ___

Answer 5

Metformin increases the sensitivity of INSULIN (which the body is still producing)

Question 6

The pancreas releases insulin via the __ cells within the P__ I__

Answer 6

The pancreas releases insulin via the Beta Cells within the Pancreatic Islets

Question 7

What is the difference between ‘insulin deficiency’ and ‘insulin resistance’

Answer 7

Insulin Deficiency= body unable to make enough insulin (can be absolute or relative)
Insulin Resistance= body makes enough insulin, but the cells cant use it effectively due to reduced sensitivity of insulin

Question 8

What is the difference between ‘absolute insulin deficiency’ and ‘relative insulin deficiency’

Answer 8

ABSOLUTE insulin deficiency= autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas
RELATIVE insulin deficiency= chronic hyperglycaemia + high levels of free fatty acids cause destruction to beta cells in pancreas & impaired insulin secretion

Question 9

The following types of diabetes all result in impacts on INSULIN STATUS. State what the insulin status is of those with- Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes

Answer 9

INSULIN STATUS:
Type 1 Diabetes= Absolute insulin deficiency (autoimmune destruction of beta-cells)
Type 2 Diabetes= Relative insulin deficiency (chronic high BGL destroys beta-cells & impairs production), and insulin resistance (high sugar diet makes insulin loose its sensitivity so it isnt as effective)- see pic attached
Gestational Diabetes= Insulin resistance