Endocrine Glands & Hormones Flashcards
Describe the Hypothalamus
Include: Location in the body, function, general name of hormones produced,
Location- In the brain
Function- Maintains homeostasis by telling the pituitary glands what hormones to release, also links endocrine & nervous systems.
Hormones produced:
Produces oxytocin & ADH (but sends it to the posterior pituitary for it to release them into the blood stream)
Releasing & inhibiting hormones (can stop/start production of hormones throughout body)-
eg. corticotrophin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.
Example- Hypothalamus releases thyrotropin releasing hormone, to tell the anterior pituitary to release thyroid stimulating hormone, which then tells the thyroid to release thyroxin
Describe the Pineal Gland
Include: Location in the body, hormone produced, function and conditions/ disorders related to it
PINEAL GLAND:
Location- In the brain
Hormone produced- Melatonin
Function- Regulates sleep patterns
Related Disorders- Insomnia
Describe the Thyroid Gland
Include: Location in the body, hormone produced, function and conditions/ disorders related to it
THYROID GLAND
Location- In the neck
Hormone produced- Thyroxine
Function- Metabolic function- regulates metabolic processes (growth & energy)
Related Disorders- Hypothyroidism (low thyroxine), Hyperthyroidism (high thyroxine)
Describe the Parathyroid Gland
Include: Location in the body, hormone produced, function and conditions/ disorders related to it
PARATHYROID GLAND
Location- 4 glands around the thyroid
Hormones produced- Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Function- Regulates calcium levels
Related Disorders- Osteoporosis, hyper-parathyroidism, hypo-parathyroidism
Describe the Thymus Gland
Include: Location in the body, hormone produced, function of the hormone, disorders related to it
THYMUS GLAND
Location- In thoracic cavity below collarbones
Hormones produced- Thymosim
Function- Thymosim stimulates development of T cells (fights diseases). Only active before puberty
Related Disorders- Immunity issues
Describe the Adrenal Cortex (Part of the Adrenal Gland)
Include: Location in the body, the 2 hormones produced, and the function & conditions/ disorders related to the hormones
ADRENAL CORTEX
Location- Top of kidneys, surrounds medulla
Hormones:
CORTISOL- Function= stress response, Conditions= Addison’s, Cushing’s
ALDOSTERONE- Function= regulate BP, conditions= Hyperaldosteronism
Describe the Adrenal Medulla (Part of the Adrenal Gland)
Include: Location in the body, the hormone produced, and the function & conditions/ disorders related to the hormone
ADRENAL MEDULLA
Location- Top of kidneys
Hormone produced- Adrenaline
Function- Fight/flight
Related Disorders- Pheochromocytoma
Describe the Pancreas
Include: Location in the body, 2 hormone produced, function and conditions/ disorders related to it
PANCREAS
Location- Behind stomach
Hormone produced- Insulin, Glucagon
Function- Regulate blood sugar levels
Related Disorders- T1 and T2 Diabetes
Describe the Ovaries
Include: Location in the body, 2 hormones produced, function of the hormones, ovarian conditions/disorders
OVARIES
Location-
Hormone produced- Estrogen, Progesterone
Function- Menstrual cycle
Conditions/ Disorders- PCOS, ovarian cysts, ovarian torsion
Describe the Testes
Include: Location in the body, hormone produced, function and conditions/ disorders related to it
TESTES
Hormone produced- Testosterone
Function- Male characteristics
Related Disorders- Testicular torsion
Describe the Posterior Pituitary Gland
Include: Location in the body, 2 hormones produced, and the function and conditions/ disorders related to the hormones
POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
Location- In the brain
Hormones produced:
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (Vasopressin)- Function- Acts on the kidney to regulate salt & water (osmoregulation)- Conditions- Diabetes Insipidus
OXYTOCIN- Function- Causes uterus to contract
Describe the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
For the FIVE hormones produced, identify:
Function of the hormone, conditions/disorders related to the hormone
GROWTH HORMONE- Function= Regulates Growth, Disorders= Dwarfism, Gigantism
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)- Function= Targets the Adrenal Cortex to secrete Cortisol, Disorders= Cushing’s
LUTEINIZING/ FOLLICLE Stimulating hormones- Function= In women, it targets the ovaries to regulate menstruation, In men, it targets the testes to release sex hormones
PROLACTIN- Function= Targets the mammary glands to stimulate breast & milk development, Disorders= Hyperprolactinaemia (high prolactin)
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)- Function= Targets the thyroid to release thyroid hormones, Disorders= Hyperthyroidism (Low TSH), Hypothyroidism (High TSH)
(note- seems backwards but if the thyroid is under active, more TSH will be produced to try get the thyroid to release more hormones)
