Insulin Resistance Flashcards
Week 8: Topic 5
Define Insulin resistance.
is a state of poor response to insulin by target tissues
What are some of the causes of Insulin resistance?
- Puberty
- Pregnancy
- Corticosteroids
- Obesity
- Genetics
Insulin resistance results in the following:
- Failure to inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver
- Failure of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle
- Failure to inhibit activation of “hormone-sensitive” lipases in adipose tissue
What is another name for dysglycaemia?
Pre-diabetes
How is pre-diabetes defined?
Fasting BSL b/w 5.6 and 7.0 mmol/L
and/or
Impaired glucose tolerance (fasting BSL less than 7 and 2-hr BSL b/t 7.8 and 11.1 mmol/L)
and/or
HBA1c of 39-42 mmol/Mol
Explain the relationship between obesity and impaired glucose tolerance
What are the features of metabolic syndrome?
- Hyperinsulinaemia
- Type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidaemia (↑LDL cholesterol, ↑triglycerides, ↓HDL cholesterol)
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver
- Central (visceral) obesity
- Increased fibrinogen, uric acid
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (in women)
Which of the following is true regarding insulin resistance?
A. A state of increase in insulin sensitivity by the liver
B. Inhibit gluconeogensis in the liver
C. Failure of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
D. Inhibits activation of “hormone-sensitive” lipases in adipose tissue
C
Impaired glucose tolerance is defined as?
A. Fasting glucose of >6.1 mmol/L
B. HbA1C of 39 mmol/mol
C. Fasting glucose levels of >7mmol/L
D. 2 hours post oral glucose drinking (7.8 -11.1 mmol/L)
Both C and D
_____________ is a cluster of risk factors , including HTN, Increased BSL, hypercholesterolaemia, that increase the risk of heart disease and T2DM.
True or false. During early stages, the beta cells of the pancreas will increase insulin production resulting in hyperinsulinaemia.
True
