Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharmacology 2 > insulin and hypoglycaemics > Flashcards

insulin and hypoglycaemics Flashcards

1
Q

name 4 types of parenteral insulin

A

short duration intermediate
long lasting
mixed intermediate and fast action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name 3 short duration insulins, what is their time of onset and duration?

A 
insulin aspart
insulin glulisine
insulin lispro
onset - 30-60 mins
duration 3hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name an intermediate insulin

A

isophene insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 4 long lasting insulins, what is their time of onset and duration?

A 
insulin detemir
insulin glargaine
insulin zinc suspension
protamine zinc insulin
onset: 1-2hrs
peak: 4-12hrs
duration: 16-35hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name 3 mixed intermediate and fast acting insulins

A

biphasic insulin aspart
biphasic insulin lispro
biphasic isophene insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the 7 classes of hypoglycaemic therapies used in type 2 diabetes

A 
K ATP channel inhibitors
GLP-1 receptor agonists
DDP-4 inhibitors
biguanides (insulin sensitizer)
thiazolidinediones
alpha -glucoside inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name two types of K ATP channel inhibitors

A

Sulponylureas

meglitinides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name 2 short acting sulponylureas

A

gliclazide

tolbutamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name 4 long lasting sulponylureas

A

chlorpropamide
glibenclamide
glipizide
glimepiride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name 2 meglitinides

A

repaglinide

nateglinide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the mechanism of action of K ATP channel inhibitors?

A
  • small molecule antagonist of K atp channels
    boost release of insulin; enhance normal physiology of glucose-stimulated insulin release
    (mimic action of glucose)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor agonists

A

peptide agonist of GLP-1
increasing GLP-1 serum levels which release increatin hormones thus boosting insulin release
(increatin mimetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why can GLP-1 not be used to increase GLP-1 serum levels?

A

it is broken down by endogenous enzyme DPP-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name 2 GLP-1 receptor agonists

A

exenatide

liraglutide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name 2 DPP-4 inhibitors

A

sitagliptin

vildagliptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the mechanism of action of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

inhibits enzyme DPP-4 which breaks down GLP-1, thus increasing GLP-1 serum levels and promoting insulin release
(incretin mimetic)

17
Q

what are the side effects of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A 
vomiting
dyspepsia
gastritis
oedema
headache
dizziness
fatigue
upper resp. infection
UTI
gastroenteritis
18
Q

name a biguanide (insulin sensitizer)

A

metformin

19
Q

what is the mechanism of action of biguanides?

A

agonist of AMP -activated protein kinase (AMPK)
prevents hepatic production of glucose
overcomes insulin resistance by improving insulin sensitivity

20
Q

name 2 types of insulin sensitizer

A

biguanides

thiazolindinediones

21
Q

name 3 thiazolindinediones (insulin sensitizers)

A

pioglitazone
rosiglitazone
glimepiride

22
Q

describe the mechanism of action of thiazolindinediones

A

activates PPARy (a regulatory protein involved in transcription of insulin-sensitive genes which regulate glucose and metabolism)

23
Q

what is the main target of thiazolindinediones?

A

adipose tissue

24
Q

name an alpha - glycosidase inhibitor

A

acarbose

25
Q

describe the mechanism of action of acarbose

A

(alpha-glucosidase concerts oligosaccharides to glucose)
by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase absorption of starchy food is slowed down (slowing rise in blood glucose)
provides closer alignment of insulin output and glucose intake

26
Q

what are the side effects of acarbose?

A 
flatulence
diahorrea
abdo pain
N & V
indigestion
liver func. impairment
27
Q

name 3 SGLT2 inhibitors

A

dapagliflozin
canagliflozin
empagliflozin

28
Q

what is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

SGLT2 (sodium-coupled glucose transporter) - glucose reabsorption
SGLT2 inhibitors cause excess glucose to be eliminated in urine; reducing hyperglycaemia

29
Q

what are the advantages of using SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

weight loss
insulin independent
low risk of hypoglycaemia
reduced hypertension

pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions