Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharmacology 2 > antidepressants > Flashcards

antidepressants Flashcards

1
Q

list 5 excitatory neurotransmitters

A 
noradrenaline
dopamine
serotonin (5-HT)
acetylcholine
glutamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name 2 inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA

glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

explain the mechanism of action for anxiolytic drugs

A

end aim - to increase GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) in the brain
anxiolytics cause inhibitory neurone to release GABA at synapse - this makes post synaptic neurone less excitable and neurones less easily activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the disadvantages of hypnotics?

A

dependence
respiratory depression
benzodiazepines interact with alcohol
cross placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do antidepressants work in the nervous system?

A

increase levels of excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name three types of antidepressants

A 
tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants?

A

inhibit re-uptake of NADR (noradrenaline), 5-HT (serotonin) or DA (dopamine) into the presynaptic receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) antidepressants?

A

inhibits enzyme breakdown of 5-HT (serotonin) and NADR (noradrenaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

give three examples of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

A

imipramine - depression
amitriptyline - depression
doxepin - depression anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

A 
dry mouth
blurred vision
constipation
urinary retention
arrhythmias
mental confusion and sedation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

give 4 examples of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants

A

fluoxetine - depression / OCD
citalopram - depression
sertraline - depression / panic attacks
paroxetine - “ “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the side effects of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

A 
headache
nausea
dizziness
diarrhoea
convulsions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

give 2 examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) antidepressants

A

phenelzine - depression / bipolar

tranylcypromine - severe depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) antidepressants?

A 
hypersensitivity
food interactions
inhibition of cytochrome p450
nausea
dizziness
insomnia
sedation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) antidepressants interact with?

A

tyramine-containing foods (red wine, cheese, marmite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is monoamine oxidase?

A

an enzyme which breaks down amine neurotranimitters

17
Q

how does inhibiting monoamine oxidase alter mood?

A

inhibiting the break down of neurotransmitters keeps them in the brain for longer

18
Q

name 2 next generation antidepressants

A

buprofion

venlafaxine

19
Q

what is the mechanism of action for next generation antidepressants?

A

non- selective reuptake inhibitors - targeting corticotropic releasing hormone

20
Q

name 4 mood stabilisers

A

lithium carbonate
lithium citrate - both prophylaxis and treatment of acute mania
carbamazepine - mania / epilepsy
valproate - mania / epilepsy

21
Q

what are the side effects of mood stabilizers?

A 
dizziness
headache
confusion
hair loss
oedema
cardiac dysrhythmia
nephrotoxicity
withdrawal 
birth defects
22
Q

what are the contraindications of mood stabilizers?

A

renal dysfunction
leukaemia
dehydration
sodium depletion

23
Q

name 3 classes of anxiolytics

A

sedative / hypnotic
benzodiazepines
non - barbiturates

24
Q

name 3 drugs which are barbiturate sedative / hyponotics

A

thiopental - prep for surgery
secobarbital - insomnia / anxiety
phenobarbital - insomnia / anxiety / seizures

25
Q

what is zolpidem?

A

a sedative / hypnotic which is not a barbiturate

26
Q

what are the caustions of sedative / hyponotics?

A 
avoid CNS depression
check for suicide
drowsiness
dependence / intolerance
not under 18s / pregnant
27
Q

name 4 benzodiazepines

A 
end:PAM
diazepam - anxiety / seizures
alprazolam - anxiety / panic disorders
temazepam - insomnia
lorazepam - anxirty / epilepsy / preop / amnesia
28
Q

what are the side effects of benzodiazepines?

A 
anticholinergic:
headache
dry mouth
dizziness
blurred vision
memory loss
hypotension
GI disturbance
29
Q

what is buspirone?

A

a non benzodiazepine - related to structure of serotonin rather than GABA receptors

30
Q

what is buspirone used for?

A

short term treatment of anxiety and depression

31
Q

what are the cautions of buspirone?

A

avoid CNS depressants

never with MOAIs

32
Q

name 4 typical antipsychotics / neuroleptics

A

chlorpromazine - psychosis & schizophrenia
fluphenazine - psychosis & schizophrenia
haloperidol - psychosis and severe behavioural probs
loxapine - mood disorders & schizophrenia

33
Q

what is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics / neuroleptics?

A

antagonist of dopamine receptors

only affects ‘positive’ symptoms

34
Q

what are the side effects of typical antipsychotics / neuroleptics

A 
parkinsonism 
dyskinesia
sedation
hypotension
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
35
Q

what are the contra indications of typical antipsychotics / neuroleptics?

A 
CNS depressants
anticonvulsants
antihypertensive 
antacids
* all can affect break down of anti psychotics
36
Q

name 4 atypical anti psychotics

A

clozapine
amisulpride
risperidone
olanepine- all mange schizophrenia

37
Q

what is the mechanism of action of atypical anti psychotics?

A

block dopamine receptors but have lower affinity than typical antipsychotics - reduce movement disorders
also antagonises 5-HT

38
Q

which schizophrenic symptoms do atypical anti psychotics treat?

A

positive and negative

39
Q

what are the side effects of atypical anti psychotics?

A 
weight gain
risk of neuroleptic malignancy
headache
blurred vision
photosensitivity
insomnia
nervousness
dizziness

pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions