Insulin 2

Question 1

What is the glucagon receptor?

Answer 1

GCPR 7x

Question 2

What does the G5alpha subunit in cytoplasm do?

Answer 2

Activates adenylate cyclase-> cAMP-> PKA

Question 3

What does PKA do in hepatocytes?

Answer 3

Phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase-> activates glycogen phosphorylase

Question 4

What does GP do?

Answer 4

Converts glycogen to G1P. Activates PLC.

Question 5

How is G1P converted to G6P?

Answer 5

Phosphoglucomutase

Question 6

How is calmodulin activated?

Answer 6

Increase in calcium

Question 7

What does calmodulin do?

Answer 7

Activates phosphorylase kinase

Question 8

How does insulin inhibit ketogenesis?

Answer 8

Inhibits LIPIN1 which suppresses hepatic VLDL production

Question 9

What does PKA do in adipocytes?

Answer 9

Phosphorylates hormone sensitive lipase

Question 10

Symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

Answer 10

Blurred vision, confusion, difficulty concentrating, pallor, sweating, tremor

Question 11

What can cause hypoglycaemia?

Answer 11

Alcohol, high dose of insulin, insulinoma, excessive exercise

Question 12

How does alcohol cause hypoglycaemia?

Answer 12

Inhibits gluconeogenesis at level of LDH

Question 13

What are the metabolic actions of cortisol?

Answer 13

Lipolysis and proteolysis, gluconeogenesis, maintains BP, suppresses inflammation

Question 14

What are the metabolic actions of adrenaline?

Answer 14

Inhibits insulin secretion, increases lipolysis, stimulates glycogenolysis in liver and muscle, stimulates glucagon

Question 15

What are the metabolic actions of T3&T4

Answer 15

Increase number of mitochondria and Na+K+ATP channels, stimulate carbohydrate metabolism, mobilise lipid

Question 16

What are GLP1 and GIP?

Answer 16

Incretins. Increase insulin after eating and decrease gastric emptying