Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MET > Insulin 1 > Flashcards

Insulin 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do alpha cells do?

A

Produce glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do beta cells do?

A

Produce insulin and amylin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do delta cells do?

A

Produce somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do PP cells do?

A

Produce pancreatic polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do epsilon cells do?

A

Produce ghrelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is proinsulin synthesised?

A

From preproinsulin in the ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is insulin synthesised?

A

C peptide is cleaved off proinsulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is insulin stored?

A

As a hexamer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is insulin converted into its active form?

A

Carboxypeptidase E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does glucose enter beta cells?

A

GLUT2, high Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the effect of insulin entering beta cells?

A

Glycolysis leads to a rise in ATP:ADP. Glucokinase acts as a sensor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What glucose conc triggers insulin release?

A

After 5mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the effect of the rise of ATP in beta cells?

A

Triggers ATP sensitive K+ channel. Triggers voltage gated calcium channels and calcium conc increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does arginine trigger insulin release?

A

Directly depolarises the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the effects of leucine?

A

Can trigger insulin release via oxidative decarboxylation. Can be transaminated and converted to acetyl CoA to enter TCA cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What sort of receptor does GLP1 act on?

A

GPCR

17
Q

What are the effects of GLP1?

A

Activates adenylyl cyclase. Increases cytoplasmic cAMP. Stimulates PKA signalling pathway.

18
Q

How does parasympathetic stimulus trigger insulin release?

A

ACh and CCK via phospholipase C

19
Q

What is the action of phospholipase C?

A

Cleaves PIP2 into IP3 and diacylglycerol. IP3 binds to ER allowing calcium release

20
Q

What sort of receptor is the insulin receptor?

A

TKR

21
Q

How is the insulin receptor activated?

A

Insulin, IGF1, IGF11

22
Q

How does insulin change the confirmation of the receptor?

A

Binds to alpha subunit, activating kinase domain on beta subunit

23
Q

What does the activated kinase do?

A

Autophosphorylates tyrosine residues as well as residues in IRS1 protein

24
Q

What does phosphorylated IRS1 do?

A

PI3K activated

25
Q

What does PI3K do?

A

Catalysed PIP2 + ATP-> PIP3 + ADP

26
Q

What does PIP3 do?

A

Activates protein kinase B (Akt)

27
Q

What does Akt do?

A

Increases number of GLUT4 receptors

28
Q

Where are GLUT4 receptors found?

A

Skeletal and cardiac muscle, fat

29
Q

What is the effect of insulin on adipocytes?

A

Increase in glucose uptake and lipogenesis

30
Q

How does insulin inhibit lipolysis?

A

Inhibits hormone sensitive lipase

31
Q

How does insulin stop glycogen breakdown in the liver?

A

Inactivates liver phosphorylase

MET (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions