Insulin Flashcards
What is it indicated for?
Type 1 and 2 diabetes
Given IV for diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state or peri-operative glycaemic control
Hyperkalaemia
How does it work?
It stimulates glucose uptake and utilisation from circulation into tissues, e.g. muscle or fat
What are the three groups for insulin called?
Short acting (including soluble insulin and rapid-acting insulins)
Intermediate-acting
Long-acting
What is a short-acting insulin?
They have short duration and a relatively rapid onset of action to replicate the insulin normally produced in the body in response to glucose absorbed from a meal
What is an intermediate-acting insulin?
They have an intermediate duration of action designed to mimic the effect of endogenous basal insulin
What are long-acting insulin?
They mimic endogenous basal insulin secretion with a long duration of action
What are the side effects of insulin?
Hypoglycaemia
Lipohypertrophy- when insulin is given in the same injection site causing fat overgrowth
Oedema
Amyloidosis
What are the warnings for insulin?
In renal impairment, insulin clearance is reduced, so there is an increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
What interactions can occur with insulin?
Antidiabetic drugs hypoglycaemia
Concurrent use with systemic corticosteroids increases insulin requirements
What are examples of rapid-acting insulin?
Insulin aspart- Novorapid
insulin glulisine
insulin lispro- Humalog
What are exampled of intermediate-acting insulin
Insulin isophane- Humulin I
What are examples of long-acting insulin?
Insulin detemir- Levemir
Insulin glargine- Lantus
Insulin degludec- Tresiba
