Instruments and General Inspection Flashcards
In what situations should you be wearing gloves?
when there is obvious blood or bodily fluids present
When should you wash your hands w/ soap and water rather than hand sanitizer?
Hand sanitizer: used for day-to-day decontamination
Soap and Water: when hands are visibly dirty w/ blood or other bodily fluids and when exposed to potential spore-forming pathogens
How should you approach a pt when using an ophthalmoscope?
- put a hand on pt’s forehead
- use your right eye to exam their right eye (left for left)
- start in the center of the eye and move laterally
Describe when to use each of the following ophthalmoscope settings: half light, red free, slit beam, and blue light
- half light: allows you to view half of eye without light bouncing off cataract on other half
- red free: used to visualize vessels and hemorrhages
- slit beam: examines contour abnormalities of cornea, lens, and retina
- blue light: used to observe corneal abrasions and ulcers
What directs do you pull the pt’s ear in adults and children?
Child (>12 months) or Adult -> up and back
Child (<12 months) -> down and back
What 2 tests does the tuning fork perform?
hearing evaluation (air and bone conduction) and vibratory sense (on patella)
What do you use the bell and diaphragm for?
Diaphragm: high pitched sounds (breath and heart tones)
Bell: low pitched sounds (bruits)
What are the 5 vital signs?
BP, HR, RR, Temp, and pain
How do you select a BP cuff using length and width?
Length: at least equal to 80% circumference of pt’s upper arm
Width: at least equal to 40% of length of upper arm
Common BP errors that give a false high reading
- brachial A. below the heart
- cuff to small (narrow)
- cuff too large (wide) on large arm
Common BP errors that give a false low reading
- brachial A. above heart
- cuff to large (wide) on small arm
What is an ausculatory gap?
period of absent sounds during BP measurement; associated w/ arterial stiffness or atherosclerotic disease
Which form of taking temp has a higher reading than orally? Lower reading?
Higher - rectally
Lower - axillary
What is the purpose of the OSE?
integrates info about MSK even when dealing w/ non-MSK complaints
Define direct and consensual pupillary light reflex
Direct: when light shined in eye; pupil constricts
Consensual: which light shined in eye, pupil in other eye also constricts
What is normal vision? What does it mean if someone has 20/40 vision?
normal = 20/20
20/40 vision means pt sees at 20 ft what a normal person sees at 40 ft (bad)
What is considered normal BMI? What is the BMI of a pt overweight, obesity (class I), obesity (class II), and extreme obesity (class III)
Normal: 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obese (class I): 30-34.9 Obese (class II): 35-39.9 Extreme obesity (class III): >40
What is considered a full gait cycle?
heel strike -> heel strike of same foot
Describe anatomic position (5)
erect body; feet parallel; eyes forward; arms to the side; palms forward
What makes up the gravitational line (7)?
external auditory canal lateral head of humerus L3 Anterior third of sacrum greater trochanter lateral condyle of knee lateral malleolus
Describe stance and swing in gait cycle; what % does each make up of the gait cycle?
Stance (60%) - foot is on ground and bears weight
Swing (40%) - foot moves forward and does not bear weight
