Instruments and General Inspection

Question 1

In what situations should you be wearing gloves?

Answer 1

when there is obvious blood or bodily fluids present

Question 2

When should you wash your hands w/ soap and water rather than hand sanitizer?

Answer 2

Hand sanitizer: used for day-to-day decontamination

Soap and Water: when hands are visibly dirty w/ blood or other bodily fluids and when exposed to potential spore-forming pathogens

Question 3

How should you approach a pt when using an ophthalmoscope?

Answer 3

• put a hand on pt’s forehead
• use your right eye to exam their right eye (left for left)
• start in the center of the eye and move laterally

Question 4

Describe when to use each of the following ophthalmoscope settings: half light, red free, slit beam, and blue light

Answer 4

• half light: allows you to view half of eye without light bouncing off cataract on other half
• red free: used to visualize vessels and hemorrhages
• slit beam: examines contour abnormalities of cornea, lens, and retina
• blue light: used to observe corneal abrasions and ulcers

Question 5

What directs do you pull the pt’s ear in adults and children?

Answer 5

Child (>12 months) or Adult -> up and back

Child (<12 months) -> down and back

Question 6

What 2 tests does the tuning fork perform?

Answer 6

hearing evaluation (air and bone conduction) and vibratory sense (on patella)

Question 7

What do you use the bell and diaphragm for?

Answer 7

Diaphragm: high pitched sounds (breath and heart tones)
Bell: low pitched sounds (bruits)

Question 8

What are the 5 vital signs?

Answer 8

BP, HR, RR, Temp, and pain

Question 9

How do you select a BP cuff using length and width?

Answer 9

Length: at least equal to 80% circumference of pt’s upper arm
Width: at least equal to 40% of length of upper arm

Question 10

Common BP errors that give a false high reading

Answer 10

• brachial A. below the heart
• cuff to small (narrow)
• cuff too large (wide) on large arm

Question 11

Common BP errors that give a false low reading

Answer 11

• brachial A. above heart

- cuff to large (wide) on small arm

Question 12

What is an ausculatory gap?

Answer 12

period of absent sounds during BP measurement; associated w/ arterial stiffness or atherosclerotic disease

Question 13

Which form of taking temp has a higher reading than orally? Lower reading?

Answer 13

Higher - rectally

Lower - axillary

Question 14

What is the purpose of the OSE?

Answer 14

integrates info about MSK even when dealing w/ non-MSK complaints

Question 15

Define direct and consensual pupillary light reflex

Answer 15

Direct: when light shined in eye; pupil constricts
Consensual: which light shined in eye, pupil in other eye also constricts

Question 16

What is normal vision? What does it mean if someone has 20/40 vision?

Answer 16

normal = 20/20

20/40 vision means pt sees at 20 ft what a normal person sees at 40 ft (bad)

Question 17

What is considered normal BMI? What is the BMI of a pt overweight, obesity (class I), obesity (class II), and extreme obesity (class III)

Answer 17

Normal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese (class I): 30-34.9
Obese (class II): 35-39.9
Extreme obesity (class III): >40

Question 18

What is considered a full gait cycle?

Answer 18

heel strike -> heel strike of same foot

Question 19

Describe anatomic position (5)

Answer 19

erect body; feet parallel; eyes forward; arms to the side; palms forward

Question 20

What makes up the gravitational line (7)?

Answer 20

external auditory canal
lateral head of humerus
L3
Anterior third of sacrum
greater trochanter
lateral condyle of knee
lateral malleolus

Question 21

Describe stance and swing in gait cycle; what % does each make up of the gait cycle?

Answer 21

Stance (60%) - foot is on ground and bears weight

Swing (40%) - foot moves forward and does not bear weight