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Clinical Chemistry > Instrumentation > Flashcards

Instrumentation Flashcards

0
Q

5 examples of exciter lamps

A
  • tungsten lamps
  • halogen lamps
  • xenon lamps
  • mercury lamps
  • vapor lamps
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1
Q

Componenent of spectrophotometer that serves as light source

A

Exciter lamp

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2
Q

Component of spectrophotometer that controls the amount of light that enters the monochromator

A

Entrance slit

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3
Q

Component of spectrophotometer that produces light of specific wavelength from the exciter lamp

A

Monochromator

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4
Q

3 types of monochromators

A
  • prisms
  • diffraction gratings
  • interference filters
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5
Q

Type of monochromator that is either a wedge-shaped glass, quartz or sodium chloride that disperses light to different angles of refraction due to different wavelengths

A

Prisms

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6
Q

Type of monochromator that is composed of grooves (for refraction) and slits (for diffraction) in an aluminum surface of a flat piece crown glass; it refracts and diffracts light into different spectra

A

Diffraction gratings

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7
Q

Component of diffraction gratings that is for refraction of light

A

Grooves

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8
Q

Component of diffraction gratings that is for diffraction of light

A

Slits

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9
Q

Type of monochromator that is composed of semitransparent silver films on both sides of a dielectric such as magnesium fluoride; they filter and allow transmission of 40-60% of incident light with a bandpass or bandwidth between 10-20 nm.

A

Interference filters

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10
Q

Component of spectrophotometer that holds the sample to be analyzed. It can be soft glass (for acidic solution), borosilicate (for alkaline solution) or quartz or plastic

A

Cuvette or analytical cell

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11
Q

Type of cuvette for acidic solution

A

Soft glass

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12
Q

Type of cuvette for alkaline solution

A

Borosilicate

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13
Q

4 types of cuvettes

A
  • soft glass
  • borosilicate
  • quartz
  • plastic
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14
Q

Component of spectrophotometer that detects and collects the light energy transmitted and converts it into a current to produce a readable output

A

Photodetector

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15
Q

Type of photodetector that has selenium coated with silver which serves as a negative electrode and an iron base which serves as a positive electrode

A

Barrier layer cells

16
Q

Type of photodetector that has a curved sheet of photosensitive material that serves as the cathode and a positively charged thin tube that serves as the anode; most widely used photodetector

17
Q

Type of photodetector that has a cathode, anode and electron-multiplying dynodes

A

Photomultiplier tubes

18
Q

Type of photodetector that has detectors including photoresistor, photodiode and phototransistor that have replaced conventional phototubes in modern laboratory instruments

A

Semiconductor

19
Q

4 types of photodetectors

A
  • barrier layer cells
  • phototube
  • photomultiplier tubes
  • semiconductor
20
Q

5 components of the spectrophotometer

A
  • exciter lamp
  • entrance slit
  • monochromator
  • cuvette or analytical cell
  • photodetector
21
Q

Used to protect cuvettes from unwanted light that may cause measurement errors

A

Light shield

22
Q

Shape of cuvettes that are used that are more preferable becuase they reduce incident light

A

Rectangular cuvettes

23
Q

2 types of filters used to check the wavelength calibration of the spectrophotometer

A
  • holmium oxide filters

- Didymium filters

24
Q

Solution/filter that detects stray light

Has a sharp cut-off wavelength for transmission

A

Nickel II sulfate

25
Q

Color of sodium flame

26
Q

Color of potassium flame

27
Q

2 ions determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer

A

Calcium and magnesium ion

28
Q

Instrument used to determine immunoglobulins

A

Nephelometer

29
Q

Measures amount of light scattered

A

Nephelometer

30
Q

Instrument where the analyte can absorb light with a short wavelength then emits the same light at a higher wavelength

A

Fluorometer

31
Q

Substances separated by electrophoresis

32
Q

Separates proteins by electric current

A

Electrophoresis

33
Q

Method that separates amino acids

A

Chromatography

34
Q

Principle of chromatography

A

Difference of affinity to the mobile phase and the stationary phase

35
Q

Method used to determine gastric acidity

A

Volumetric/titrimetric method

36
Q

Condition where there is excessive secretion of gastric juice due to high levels of gastrin

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

37
Q

Method used to determine total lipids in feces

A

Gravimetric method

38
Q

Instrument used to check the speed of the centrifuge

A

Tachometer/strobe light

Clinical Chemistry (4 decks)

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