Instrument Mnemonics ATP Flashcards
Instrument Rating Requirements, General (61.65a)
- PPL or concurrently working towards one
- Must be able to read, write, speak, and understand English
- Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor
- Receive and log flight training in airplane (or full flight simulator/FTD)
- Endorsement for Written
- Pass the Written
- Endorsement for Checkride
- Pass the Checkride
Instrument Airplane Aeronautical Experience Requirements (61.65d)
- (50) Cross-Country Flight Time as PIC
a. (10) in an airplane
b. (40) Actual or Simulated Instrument Time
- Of which (15) Dual Received - IFR training on XC flight procedures, including one XC flight in an airplane with an authorized instructor, that is performed under IFR rules, when a flight plan has been filed with an ATC, and that involves.
- A flight of (250) nautical miles along airways or
by directed routing
from an air traffic control facility;
- An instrument approach at each airport; and
- (3) different kinds of approaches with the use of
navigation systems - (3 hrs) Instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in an airplane that is appropriate to the instrument-airplane rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.
What are your privileges as an instrument rated pilot?
- Can act as PIC under IFR (61.3e)
- Can act as PIC in weather conditions less than VFR (61.3e)
- Can conduct special VFR operations at night (sunset to sunrise) (91.157)
- Fly in Class A airspace
Personal Documents Required for Flight (61.3) P.P.M.
P.P.M.
P - Pilot certificate
P - Photo identification, valid, government issued
M - Medical certificate
Aircraft Airworthiness Assessment D.I.E.
D - Documents (ARROW)
I - Inspections (AV1ATE)
E - Equipment (ATOMATOFLAMES, FLAPS, GRABCARD)
Required Aircraft Documentation A.R.R.O.W.
A - Airworthiness Certificate (91.203)
R - Registration (91.203)
R - Radio Operating License
O - Operating Lims. /Airplane Flight Manual
(91.9)
W - Weight and Balance (Official In POH)
Aircraft Required Maintenance Inspections A.V.1.A.T.E.
A - Annual (91.409)
V - VOR Check (91.171)
1 - 100 Hr. (91.409)
A - Altimeter / Pitot Static Inspection (91.411)
T - Transponder (91.413)
E - ELT (91.207)
Equipment Required for Day VFR Flight
(91.205) A. T.O.M.A.T.O. F.L.A.M.E.S.
A - Altimeter
T - Tachometer
O - Oil Pressure Gauge
M - Manifold Pressure Gauge
A - Airspeed Indicator
T - Temperature Gauge
O - Oil Temperature Gauge
F - Fuel Gauge
L - Landing Gear Position Lights
A - Anti-Collision Lights (after 1996)
M - Magnetic Direction Indicator
E - Emergency Locator Transmitter ELTS - Seat Belts
Equipment Required for Night VFR Flight
(91.205)
F.L.A.P.S.
F - Fuses (spare or circuit breakers)
L - Landing Light (If for hire)
A - Anti-Collision Lights (after 1971)
P - Position Lights (Navigation Lights)
S - Source of Electrical Power
What is required when logging VOR error? DEPS
D - Date
E - Errors
P - Place
S - Signature
Equipment Required for IFR Day and Night
Flight (91.205)
G.R.A.B.C.A.R.D.
G.R.A.B.C.A.R.D.D.
G - Generator/Alternator R - 2 Way Radios + Nav Equip. Suitable for route
A - Altimeter
B - Ball (Skid-Slip Indicator)
C - Clock
A - Attitude Indicator
R - Rate of Turn Indicator
D - Directional Gyro (Heading Indicator)
Definition of “Night time” per the FAA?
1 ) Sunset to Sunrise = position & anti-collision lights must be on
2) End of evening civil twilight to the beginning of morning civil twilight = Logging night flight
3) 1 hour after sunset & 1 hour before sunrise = night current to carry pax (3 stop n go’s)
Pilot Self-Assessment I.M.S.A.F.E.
I - Illness
M - Medications
S - Stress
A - Alcohol + Drugs (91.17)
F - Fatigue
E - External Factors (Eating, Emotional)
Personal Minimums & Risk Management
P.A.V.E. (PHAK 2-8)
P - Pilot (IMSAFE, currency, proficiency, 91.103)
A - Aircraft (DIE , equipment familiarity, performance)
V - EnVironment (Weather, terrain, airports)
E - External Pressures (hazardous attitudes, passengers)
Preflight Information (91.103) N.W.K.R.A.F.T. “All available information concerning the flight”
N - NOTAM’s
W - Weather
K - Known ATC delays
R - Runway Lengths
A - Alternatives
F - Fuel
T - Takeoff and landing distance calculations
Basic IFR Departure Clearance Items C.R.A.F.T.
C - Clearance Limit
R - Route
A - Altitude
F - Frequency (for departure)
T - Transponder Code
Mandatory Reports Under IFR
M.A.R.V.E.L.O.U.S. V.F.R. C.500
* = Required only in a non-radar environment
(including ATC radar failure)
M - Missed Approach (AIM 5-3-3)
A - Airspeed ±10kt / 5% Change of Filed TAS
(AIM 5-3-3)
R - Reaching a Holding Fix (AIM 5-3-3)
V - VFR on Top + Alt. change during (AIM 5-3-3)
E* - ETA Change ±2 min (AIM 5-3-3)
L - Leaving a Holding Fix/Point (AIM 5-3-3)
O* - Outer Marker (AIM 5-3-3)
U - Unforecasted Weather (91.183)
S - Safety of Flight (91.183)
V - Vacating an Altitude (AIM 5-3-3)
F* - Final Approach Fix (AIM 5-3-3)
R - Radio/Nav Failure (91.187 & AIM 5-3-3)
C* - Compulsory Reporting Points (91.183)
500 - Unable to Climb/Descend 500 fpm (AIM
5-3-3)
When not to Fly a Procedure Turn (91.175,
5-4-9)
S.H.A.R.P.T.T.
S - Straight in Approach
H - Holding in lieu of a Procedure Turn
A - Arc
R - Radar Vectored to Final Approach Course
P - NoPT Depicted on Chart
T - Timed Approach
T - Teardrop Course Reversal
Magnetic Compass Errors
V.D.M.O.N.A
V - Variation
D - Deviation
M - Magnetic Dip
O - Oscillation
N - Northerly Turning Errors (UNOS)
A - Acceleration / Deceleration Errors (ANDS)
Passenger Carry Requirements (61.57a-b)
No person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers unless that person has made at least:
- 3 T/O & landings within the preceding 90 days and
- Acted as sole manipulator of the controls and
- Was performed in the same category, class, and type (if type rating is required)
○ tailwheel = 3 stop n go’s - Night = 3 stop n go’s during 1 hour after sunset to the 1 hour before sunrise
Recent Flight Experience: Pilot in Command (61.57c)
6.6.H.I.T.
6 - within previous 6 months
6 - Instrument Approaches
H - Holding
I - Intercepting
T - Tracking
Instrument Proficiency Check (61.57(d)), (Instrument ACS p. A-12)
Failed to meet the instrument experience requirements in the preceding 6 calendar months (ie 6 months after your recency expired), you can reestablish instrument currency only by completing an instrument proficiency check. ACS (A-12)
Proficiency Check can be performed by:
i. An examiner
ii. An authorized instructor
iii. A company check pilot iv. Military Check Pilot
v. A person approved by the Administrator to conduct instrument practical tests
IFR Cruising Altitudes. (91.179)
EAST odd thousand foot MSL (0-179)
WEST even thousand foot MSL (180-359)
IFR Minimum Altitudes (91.177) (AIM 5-6-16)
a. Mountainous area: 2,000’ & 4 nm
b. Non-mountainous area: 1,000’ & 4 nm
IFR Fuel Requirements (91.167)
- Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing;
- Fly from that airport to the alternate airport and
- Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
When do you need an alternate? (91.169)
- You ALWAYS need an alternate, unless the airport you’re going to has an instrument approach and the weather is above the 1-123 Rule.
1 - 123 Rule
At least 1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA, the ceiling will be at least
2,000 feet above the airport elevation and the visibility be at least 3 statues miles
VOR Checks “BADVAG”
B - Bench test +/- 4°
A - Airborne +/- 6°
D - Dual +/- 4° TO EACH OTHER
V - VOT Station +/- 4° (180 TO, 360 FROM)
A - Airway +/- 6°
G - Ground +/- 4°
VOR Service Volumes (Terminal, Low, & High)
Terminal - 1,000’ to 12,000’ AGL 25 NM
Low - 1,000’ to 18,000’ AGL 40 NM
High - 1,000’ to 14,500’ AGL 40 NM
- 14,500’ to 18,000’ AGL 100 NM
- 18,000’ to 45,000’ AGL 130 NM
- 45,000’ to 60,000’ AGL 100 NM
VOR Limitations (UCARL)
U - User error (reverse sensing or wrong frequency)
C - Cone of confusion (cone shaped volume above VOR station where NO signal is received)
A - Area of ambiguity (positioned 90deg from selected radial; identified by NO to/from flag)
R - Rpm errors (certain RPM settings may cause vor to fluctuate +/- 6 deg)
L - Line of sight (blocked by terrain & obstructions, further you are the higher you need to be)
Takeoff and Landing under IFR 91.175(c)
No pilot may descend below the authorized DA/MDA unless:
1) A descent can be made with normal maneuvers & normal rate of descent (<1,000 fpm)
2) Weather is at or above the approach plate minimums
3) Visibility of atleast one of the following:
- ALS- Approach Lighting System (descend to no more than 100’ AGL)
- ALSF I or II
- REIL
- VASI or PAPI
- Threshold (markings & lights)
- Runway (markings & lights)
- Touchdown zone (markings & lights)
Loss Communications 91.185
AVEF MEA
Route in order:
A - Assigned
V - Vectored
E -Expected
F - Filed
Highest of altitudes:
M - Minimum IFR
E - Expected
A - Assigned
IFR Flight planning Requirements MAFIAHOOPW
M - Minimum IFR (MEA, MOCA, MAA, MRA, MCA, OROCA, MCA)
A - Alternates (123 rule: 1 hr before & after, 2,000’ ceilings, 3 sm vis.)
F - Fuel Requirements
I - Instrument Procedures
A - Aircraft Performance (climb gradient, TOL distances)
H - Hemispherical Altitudes (0º-179º ODD ; 180º-359º EVEN)
O - Oxygen Requirement (12,500’-14,000 after 30 min., 14,001+ whole flight, 15,000’ PAX)
O - Obstacles
P - Preferred IFR Routes (chart supplement)
W - Weather
