Instrument Aids Flashcards
What are the frequencies used for ELTs? (Emergency Locator Transmitters)
- 5 MHz and 243.0 MHz (aviation-related)
406. 025 is the COSPAS-SARSAT frequency
What are the three types of Emergency Locator Transmitters?
ELT - Emergency Local Transmitter - Air
EPIRB - Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon - Sea
PLB - Personal Locator Beacon - Land
What are some example alerts a GPWS system could give?
Excessive descent rate
Excessive terrain closure rate
Excessive altitude loss after take off or go-around
Unsafe terrain clearance while gear not locked down
Unsafe terrain clearance while landing flap not selected
Terrain rising faster than aircraft after take off
Excessive descent below ILS glideslope
Advisory Callout of Radio Height
Advisory Callout of Bank Angle
Windshear
What systems does the GPWS require input from to function?
Radio altimeter
Barometric altimeter
Airspeed/Mach*
ILS glideslope receiver
Flap and Landing gear position
Angle of attack sensor*
Accelerometer inputs from Inertial Reference System*
What is the name of the enhanced GPWS system that includes a terrain database?
Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System
Terrain Awareness Warning System
What is TCAS?
TCAS calculates a time to reach the CPA (Closest Point of
Approach) with the intruder, by dividing the range by the closure rate. This time value is the main parameter for issuing alerts.
What is TCAS TA, and what should the ATC response to it be?
TCAS Traffic Advisory
Continue providing separation and traffic information.
What is TCAS RA, and what should the ATC response to it be?
TCAS Resolution Advisory
Do not issue directions that conflict with an RA.
What does the inertial navigation instrument in the SCNS use to obtain location information
INS - Inertial Navigation System (conventional gyro)
IRS - Inertial Reference System (laser gyro)
It uses a gyroscope to determine the distance and speed from an original position fix.
What are the components of an ILS?
- Glide Path (Vertical Guidance)
- Localiser (Lateral Guidance)
What are the components of an ILS?
- Glide Path (Vertical Guidance)
- Localiser (Lateral Guidance)
- Approach Lighting Systems
What is the range of primary radar?
50 - 75nm
What is the range of secondary surveillance radar?
200nm
What is the range of secondary surveillance radar?
250nm
What are the rotation rates of primary and secondary radar systems?
Primary - 25 / 60rpm
Secondary - 15rpm
What problem can occur when an aircraft flies directly over a radar installation?
The cone of silence effect
Primary radar has a smaller cone of silence
What is the purpose of secondary surveillance radar, and why do we still use primary radar?
SSR only works on aircraft with a transponder, while primary radar will provide paints of anything that enters the control zone.
Which SSR mode gives pressure altitude?
- Mode C
- Mode S
- Military modes aren’t relevant
How is navaid information transmitted to ASA?
- Radar Sites
- Microwaves
- Fibre-optic Cable
- Radio Link (UHF)
What information does SSR mode C provide?
Pressure Altitude Encoding
What information does SSR mode S provide?
24-bit code, may include ADS-B for example
What information does SSR mode A provide?
Squawk Code
How is navaid information transmitted to ASA?
- Radar Sites
- Microwaves
- Fibre-optic Cable
- Radio Link (UHF)
How does Wide Area Multilateration work?
Uses multiple SSR receivers to triangulate an aircraft’s position.
What is Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring and what is it used for?
RAIM is used to assess the integrity of GPS signals. It can tell a pilot how many GPS units are presently being used to triangulate a position. The minimum number for aviation is 5.
What is the purpose and function of GBAS?
Ground-Based Augmentation System
GBAS provides vertical and horizontal guidance to suitably equipped aircraft for precision approach and landings.
It consists of four reference receivers which collect navigation data from GPS satellites, a processor which provides corrections for GPS errors, GBAS-specific information as well as final approach path point and a VHF data broadcast unit to transmit digital data to aircraft.
What is a limitation of onboard weather radar?
Radar Shadowing
What is Stormscope?
Stormscope quickly and accurately provides real-time, flight-critical information about lightning and associated weather hazards such as turbulence and wind shear. Stormscope is unique in its ability to detect electrical activity as a storm builds, so it can show pilots which areas to avoid.
What is Stormscope?
Stormscope quickly and accurately provides real-time, flight-critical information about lightning and associated weather hazards such as turbulence and wind shear. Stormscope is unique in its ability to detect electrical activity as a storm builds, so it can show pilots which areas to avoid.
What is the radar function that allows us to identify individual aircraft?
Special Position Indicator (SPI) or IDENT
