INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
a century of change. It is the period of recognizing human dignity. It is the movement of reformation, the peiod of introduction of certain reforms in the correctional fields of a certain person, gradually old philosopy of punishment to amore humane treatment of prisoners with innovational programs.
18th Century
He fought for religious freedom and individuals right
He is the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major offenders.
He is also responsible for the abollition of death penalty and torture as a form of punishment.
William Penn
A physician, patriot, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and social reformer
He advocated the penitentiary as replacement for capital and corporal punishment.
Benjamin Rush
an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and from one another so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and thus undergo reformation.
Penitentiary
A French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice. He believe that harsh punishment would undermine morality and that appealing to moral sentiments as a better means of preventing crime.
Charles Montesquieu
He was the most versatile of all philosophers during this period. He believes that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime. He fought legality-sanctioned practice of torture.
Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet)
He wrote an essay entitled “An essay on crimes and punishment” thos most existing essay on law during this century. It presented the humanistic goal of law.
Cessare Beccaria
The greatest leader in Reform of English Criminal Law. He believes that whatever punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from crime; the crime rate would go down.
was the one who devise the ultimate PANOPTICON PRISON – a prison that consist a large circular building containing multi cells around the periphery. It was never built.
Jeremy Bentham
The sheriff of Bedforshire in 1773, who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform.
John Howard
A follower of Bentham, was an able lawyer and the most effective leader in direct and persistent agitation for reform of the English criminal code. He pressed for construction of the first modern English prison, Millbank, in 1816.
Sir Samuel Romilly
Was the leader in the English legislature for reform of the criminal code, pushing through programs devised by Bentham, Romily, and others. He established the Irish constabulary, called the “PEELERS” after the founder.
In 1829, he started the London Metropolitan Police, known as “Bobbies”
Sir Robert Peel
the Director of the prisons of Valencia, Spain, in 1835, divided prisoners into companies and appointed prisoners as petty officers in charge. Academic classes of one hour a day were given in all inmates under 20 years of age.
Manuel Montesimos
The Superintendent of a penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia who introduced a progressive humane system to substitute for corporal punishment. When a prisoner, earned a required number of marks, he was given his ticket of leave, which is the equivalent of parole.
He introduced fair disciplinary trials, built churches, distributed books, allowed plays to be staged, and permitted prisoners to tend small gardens.
Credited as the Father of parole
Alexander Maconochie
He is the Director of the Irish Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish System that was modified from the Maconochie’s mark system.
Walter Crofton
It is whereby a convict could earn freedom by hard work and good behavior.
It was used to eliminate the so called flat sentence.
Marks System
FOUR STAGES OF THE IRISH SYSTEM
- Solitary confinement for 9 months
- Assignment to public works in association with other prisoners
- Work without supervision
- Release of prisoner under certain conditions similar to parole.
He was famous for the establishment of agricultural colony for deliquent boys in France in 1839.
The boys were housed in cottages with house fathers as in charge.
The system was based on reeducation rather than force. When discharge the boys were place under the supervision of a patron.
Frederic –Auguste Demetz
introduced in Elmira a new institutional program for boys from 16 to 30 years of age.
Zebulon Brockway
was a Director of English prisons, after visiting Elmira in 1897, opened the Borstal Institution near Rochedi, in Kent.
The Borstal Institutions of England became the earliest best reform institutions for young offenders.
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise
warden of the Auburn and later of Sing Sing (which he built), was one of the most influential persons in the development of early prison discipline in America
He is described as having been a strict disciplinarian who believe that all convicts were cowards who could not be reformed until their spirit was broken.
To this end he devised a system of brutal punishments and degrading procedures, many of which remained as accepted practice until very recent times.
Elam Lynds
A development of the various forms of attire to degrade and identify prisoners.
PRISON STRIPES
required to line up in close formation with their hands on the shoulders or under the arms of the prisoner in front. The line moved rapidly toward its destination as the prisoners shuffled their feet in unison without lifting them from the ground.
LOCKSTEP
Designed the Prison of Ghent (Belgium) to rehabilitate rather than to punish.
Father of Penitentiary Science.
He developed a strict classification of criminals and their segregation.
JEAN JACQUES VILLAIN
