INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION CHAPTER 2

Question 1

in the beginning of civilization, acts are characterized by behavioral controls categorized as: forbidden acts, accepted acts, and those acts that are encouraged.

Answer 1

THE PRIMITIVE SOCIETY

Question 2

crimes, violence, rebellious acts and other acts, which are expressly prohibited by the society fall as?

Answer 2

Forbidden acts.

Question 3

are those that can be beneficial to the welfare of the society such as early traditions and practices, folways, norms, those that are controlled by social rules, and laws.

Answer 3

Accepted acts

Question 4

are anything approved by the majority which is believed to be beneficial to the common good.

Answer 4

Encourage acts

Question 5

ENUMERATE THE 3 MAIN LEGAL SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD

Answer 5

Roman
Mohammedan or Arabic
Anglo-American laws

Question 6

Among the three, which has the most lasting and the most prevailing influence?

Answer 6

Roman law

Question 7

Oldest Code known to man

Institutes fines of monetary compensation for bodily damage, as opposed to the late rlex - talionis “an eye for an eye” principle of Babylonian law

Murder, robbery, adultery and rape were capital offenses.

Answer 7

CODE OF UR-NAMMU

Question 8

formally Corpus Juris Civillis (Body of Civil Law)

A revision of the 12 tables of Roman Law

Answer 8

Justinian Code

Question 9

represented the earliest codification of Roman law incorporated into the Justinian code. It is a collection of legal principles engraved on metal tablets and set up on the forum.

Answer 9

The Twelve Tables

Question 10

a harsh code that provides the same punishment for both citizens and the slaves as it incorporate primitive concepts.

Answer 10

Greek Code of Draco

Question 11

this law repealed Draco’s laws and allowed capital punishment only for a limited number of serious offenses, such as murder or military or political offenses against the state. It also gave the right of representation of every person to claim redress on behalf of another to whom wrong was being done.

Answer 11

Solon’s Law

Question 12

specified punishment according to the social class of offesners, dividing them into: nobles, middle class, lower class and specifying the value of life each person according to social status.

Answer 12

Burgundian Code

Question 13

the Burgunian Code was revised by?

Answer 13

King Sigismund

Question 14

It is the redress that the state takes against an offending member of society that usually involved pain and suffering.

Answer 14

Punishment

Question 15

ENUMERATE THE PURPOSES OR JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMENT

Answer 15

Retribution
Expiation or Atonement
Deterrence
Incapacitation and Protection
Reformation or Rehabilitation

Question 16

the punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is violated, to afford the society or the individual the opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be punished because they deserve it.

Answer 16

Retribution

Question 17

punishment in the form of group vengeance where the purpose is to appease the offended public or group.

Answer 17

Expiation or Atonement

Question 18

punishment gives lesson to offender by showing to others what would happen to them if they violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential offenders that they can afford to do what the offender has done.

Answer 18

Deterrence

Question 19

the public is protected if the offender has been held in conditions where he can not harm others especially the public. Punishment is effected by placing them offenders in prison so that society is ensured from furtehr criminal depredations of criminals.

Answer 19

Incapacitation and Protection

Question 20

it is the establishment of the usefulness and responsibility of the offender. Society’s interest can be better served by helping the prisoner to become law abiding citizen and productive upon his return to the community by requiring him to undergo intensive program of rehabilitation in prison.

Answer 20

Reformation or Rehabilitation

Question 21

is the death by means of burning at stake, beheading broken on the wheel, garroting and other forms of medieval executions. Broken on the wheel, crucifixion, stoning, etc.

Answer 21

Capital Punishments

Question 22

are those physical torture by means of mutilation, whipping or flogging, stocks, furca, stoning, branding, mutilation, flogging/whipping.

Answer 22

Corporal Punishments

Question 23

ENUMERATE SOME CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS

Answer 23

Burning at Stake,
Death by Hanging,
Death by Garroting,
Death by Stoning,
Death by Crucifixion, Death by Quartering, Death by Flaying,
Death by Boiling,
Death by Spanish Donkey, Death by Brazen Bull, Death by Fed to Animals, Death by Breaking the Wheel,
Death by Beheading.

Question 24

has been the most common physical punishment through the ages. The Mosaic code. The Roman law specified that this punishment is for certain forms of theft.

Answer 24

Flogging/Whipping

Question 25

ENUMERATE SOME CORPORAL PUNISHMENTS

Answer 25

Flogging/Whipping
Cat-o-nine tails
Russian Knout
Furca
Polo y Servicio
Penal Servitude/Civil Death
Mutilation

Question 26

trails traditional form of whip consisting nine knotted cords fastened to a wooden handle.

Answer 26

Cat-o-nine tails

Question 27

a v-shaped yolk worn around the neck and where the outstretched arms of convict were tied to.

Answer 27

Furca

Question 28

is the cruel form of whip that was made of leather strips fitted with fish hook

When the prisoner was whipped, the hook wood dig into the body, ripping away the proverbial “pound of flesh” with each stroke.

A thourough whipping that could result in death from blood loss. This kind of punishment survided into the 20th century.

Answer 28

Russian Knout

Question 29

The early punishment were considered sysnonumous with slavery, those punished even had their “heads shaved” indicating the mark of the slave.

Answer 29

Polo y Servicio

Question 30

extensive use in Roman days, the offenders property was confiscated in the name of the state and that his wife was declared a widow, meaning she is eligible to remarry. To society the criminal in effect “dead”

Answer 30

Penal Servitude/Civil Death

Question 31

In the ___ century, a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40 days at the end of which time he has compelled to leave the realm by a road or path assigned to him.

Answer 31

13th Century-Securing Sanctuary

Question 32

tortures as a form of punishment became prevalent.

Answer 32

1468 (England)

Question 33

transportation of criminals was authorized. Russia and other European countries followed this system. It partially relieved over crowding of prisons.

Answer 33

16th Century

Question 34

Transportation was abandoned in?

Answer 34

1835

Question 35

death penalty became prevalent as a form of punishment.

Answer 35

17th Century to Late 18th Century

Question 36

pretrial detentionf facilities operated by English Sheriff.

Answer 36

GAOLS (Jails)

Question 37

long, low, naroow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals. A type of ship used for transportation of criminals in the sixteenth century.

Answer 37

GALLEYS

Question 38

Decrepit transport, former warship used to house prisoners in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. These were abandoned warships converted into prisons as means of relieving congestion of prisoners. They were also called “floating hells”

Answer 38

HULKS