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Science > Inside The Atom & Acids + Bases > Flashcards

Inside The Atom & Acids + Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the lightest and smallest sub-atomic particle in an atom?

A

Electrons

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2
Q

What are the three different types of particles in an atom and what are their charges?

A
  • Proton = Positive +1
  • Electron = Negative -1
  • Neutron = Neutral 0
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3
Q

The atomic number of an atom is the same as _______?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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4
Q

The nucleus contains _____

A

Protons and neutrons

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5
Q

What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

A

Matter cannot be destroyed or created

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6
Q

What does ‘exo’ mean?

A

Release

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7
Q

What is indigestion?

A

When you feel pain in your; chest, abdomen or stomach. It is associated with difficultly in disgusting foods after meals and having too much stomach acid

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8
Q

What are some symptoms of indigestion?

A
  • Heartburn, pain, fullness or discomfort in you chest or abdomen.
  • Loss of appetite
  • Feeling sick
  • Flatuence, burping or belching
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9
Q

What do indigestion tablets do?

A

They neutralise the stomach acids in you stomach so it’s easier to digest food

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10
Q

What do indigestion tablets contain?

A

Bicarbonate soda

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11
Q

What is the name of a base that dissolve in water?

A

Alkali

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12
Q

What does ‘PH’ stand for?

A

Potential of Hydrogen

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13
Q

What is the range of the PH scale?

A

1-14

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14
Q

What is the PH of acids?

A

1-6

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15
Q

What is the PH of bases?

A

8-14

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16
Q

What PH is neutral?

A

7

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17
Q

What do all acids start with?

A

‘H’

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18
Q

What do all bases end with?

A

‘OH’

19
Q

What is an indicator?

A

An indicator is a substance which determines whether a substance is acidic or basic

20
Q

List four examples of indicators

A
  • Universal
  • Litmus paper (blue/red)
  • Methyl orange
  • Bromothmol Blue
21
Q

What’s foods can be used to make indicators?

A
  • Cherry juice
  • Black current juice
  • Beetroot juice
  • Red cabbage
22
Q

Why is universal indicator a good indicator?

A

Because it’s a mixture of different indicators so it’s more accurate

23
Q

What colour does litmus paper turn in acids?

A

Red

24
Q

What colour does litmus paper turn in bases?

A

Blue

25
Q

List five properties of bases

A
  • Taste bitter
  • Feel slipper/ soapy
  • PH 8-14
  • Turn litmus paper blue
  • No reaction with metal
26
Q

Four examples of household, basic, substances

A
  • Bleach
  • Cleaning agents
  • Soap
  • Toothpaste
27
Q

Five properties of acids

A
  • Taste sour
  • PH 1-6
  • Turn litmus paper red
  • Are corrosive
  • Not slippery
28
Q

List five, household, acidic substances

A
  • Vinegar
  • Lemon juice
  • Coffee
  • Cola
  • batteries
29
Q

Four examples of acids

A
  • Sulphuric
  • Hydrochloric
  • Tannic
  • Citric
30
Q

Which is more acidic; lemon juice or orange juice?

A

Lemon juice

31
Q

Why is it important to brush your teeth?

A

Some acids can’t be neutralised by your saliva, so you have to wash them out.

32
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

Acids and bases are mixed together at equal amounts to neutralise each other

33
Q

What is produced in neutralisation?

A

Slat and water

34
Q

What is the worded equation for neutralisation?

A

-OH + H —> H2O + NaCl

Base + Acid –> Water + Salt

35
Q

What is the chemical reaction for acid and metal?

A

Acid + Metal = H2 gas + Salt (NaCl)

36
Q

How is acid rain formed?

A

When fossil fuels are burn’t, chemical particles mis with water vapour in the air, then travel thousands of miles and fall as acid rain.

37
Q

What does acid rain do to the environment?

A

It kills trees and disintegrates /corrodes statues and other things

38
Q

What element is always present in an acid?

A

Hydrogen

39
Q

How do you know us a gas sample has hydrogen?

A

Produces a ‘pop’ sound when a lit match is placed in it

40
Q

What makes food go off?

A

Bacteria, it’s attracted to neutral foods (doesn’t like acidic substances) and when it gets into the food it multiples and creates toxins which will give you food poisoning

41
Q

What order is the periodic table arranged in?

A

Atomic number order

42
Q

What are the first three shells in an atomic structure?

A

2, 8, 8

43
Q

What are protons and neutrons made of?

A

Smaller particles called ‘quarks’

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