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Body At War Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List 3 non-cellular pathogens

A
  • Viruses
  • Prions
  • Viriods
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2
Q

List 4 pathogens other than viruses and bacteria

A
  • Fungi
  • Worms
  • Prions
  • Protozoans
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3
Q

What are antibiotics used to treat?

A

Bacterial infections

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4
Q

What is the role of T-Lymphocytes in the body?

A

They attack foreign cells in your body and even you own cells if they had been invaded by the foreign cell.

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5
Q

What is the role of B-Lymphocytes in the body?

A

When a pathogen invades your body, By-Lymphocytes create anti-bodies which neutralise the pathogens and also form memory cells so they know next time how to stop the foreign cell.

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6
Q

How are viral diseases treated?

A

Vaccines

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7
Q

What’s in a vaccine?

A

Weakened or dead strains of a virus are injected into the body so your antibodies and immune system would know how to treat and get rid of the virus if you were to really get infected with it.

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8
Q

Who invented the vaccine and in what year?

A

Edward Jenner in 1789

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9
Q

What term is used to describe resistance to a particular pathogen?

A

Immunity

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10
Q

Name one infectious disease, what causes it, symptoms and treatment.

A
  • The Plague
  • Bacteria called Yersinia Pestis causes it
  • Symptoms include; buboes, swollen lymph nodes, coughing up blood, temperature. Etc.
  • Antibiotics called Gentamycin treat it.
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11
Q

Give two reasons why a virus is considered non-living.

A
  • It does not have cells and it is only made up of RNA/DNA/proteins.
  • It cannot grow, replicate, reproduce and doesn’t have waste.
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12
Q

What branch of science studies the protection of body from disease?

A

Immunology

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13
Q

What are the three types of bacteria and what are their shapes?

A
  • Bacilli is rod shaped
  • Cocci is sphere shaped
  • Spirillium is spiral shaped
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14
Q

What was the primary vector for the Black Death?

A

Fleas

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15
Q

How can you get rid of a virus, without using vaccines?

A

By allowing your body’s immune system to fight it.

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16
Q

What is an invaded cell called?

A

A host cell

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17
Q

What microscopic organism causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium

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18
Q

Name 2 diseases caused by fungi

A
  • Tinea

- Ringworm

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19
Q

What is a vector?

A

An organism which carries a pathogen between organisms without being infected itself

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20
Q

What are 5 diseases caused by a virus?

A
  • HIV
  • AIDS
  • Ebola
  • Malaria
  • Chicken Pox
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21
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

White blood cells

22
Q

Which line of defence are white blood cells (Phagocytes) involved in?

A

The second line of defence

23
Q

What is the first line of defence?

A

Physical and chemical barriers designed to prevent a foreign pathogen from invading you body.

24
Q

Give three physical barriers in the first line of defence

A
  • Coughing
  • Sneezing
  • Skin
25
Q

Give three chemical barriers in the first line of defence

A
  • Stomach acid
  • Tears
  • Saliva
26
Q

What is the second line of defence?

A

The second line of defence engulfs and destroys the foreign materials, it is preformed by white blood cells (phagocytes) and is known as phagocytosis.

27
Q

How can you tell the second line of defence is in action?

A

Blood flow will increase around the infected area and will become red and inflamed

28
Q

What is the third line of defence?

A

The third line of defences assists in the destruction of the foreign particles. The T Lymphocytes destroys the i acing cells and the B Lymphocytes produce anti-bodies which neutralise pathogens and form memory cells to remember for next time how to destroy the pathogen.

29
Q

List three was that foreign particles can enter your body

A
  • Inhaling
  • Eatings
  • Open cuts
30
Q

What is a disease caused by worms?

A

Head lice

31
Q

What is a disease caused by a prion?

A

Mad cow disease

32
Q

Is a virus cellular?

A

No

33
Q

What is the vector for malaria?

A

Mosquitos

34
Q

What is a disease caused by a protozoan?

A

Malaria

35
Q

List 4 cellular pathogens

A
  • Bacteria
  • Tapeworms
  • Fungi
  • Head-lice
36
Q

What is penicillin? Where does it come from?

A

A certain collections of antibiotics that eliminate infection causing bacteria. Originate from a fungi called Penicillium.

37
Q

How does penicillin work?

A

It prevents bacteria from preforming cell division properly.

38
Q

What percentage of bacteria makes people sick?

A

Less than 1%

39
Q

Where can fungi be found?

A
  • In soil, plants, trees and other vegetation
  • On our skin, mucus membranes and intestinal tracts
  • Found in foods in the form of yeasts and molds
40
Q

What size is a virus?

A

Very very small

41
Q

What are parasites called that live in your body?

A

Endoparasites

42
Q

What are parasites called that live outside of you body?

A

Ectoparasites

43
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

A disease that is widespread over a whole country or the world

44
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

45
Q

What is active immunity?

A

You make your immunity yourself either naturally (antibodies) or artificially (immunisation)

46
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Another living organism creates it and passes it down to you either naturally (mother to daughter) or artificially (immunisation)

47
Q

Why are people often instructed to eat yogurt after being ill or taking medication?

A

Because it helps the intestinal tract restore good gut bacteria.

48
Q

How can you be infected with a pathogen but not show any symptoms?

A

It can be because you’ve already been exposed to it in the past.

49
Q

Have other life forms evolved from bacteria?

A

Yes

50
Q

How do bacteria give us food poisoning?

A

They multiply and produce toxins

51
Q

What are two examples of vaccines that Australian children get?

A
  • Measles

- Chicken Pox

52
Q

List three non infectious diseases

A

Cancer, Diabetes and depression

Science (5 decks)

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