Insecticide Resistance Management

Question 1

Define tolerance

Answer 1

The natural ability of a population to withstand the toxic effect of a particular insecticide

Question 2

Define resistance

Answer 2

The decreased response of an insect population as a result of previous exposure to a particular insecticide

Question 3

Define cross-resistance

Answer 3

A strain that becomes resistant to one insecticide automatically becomes resistant to other insecticides it has not been exposed to

Question 4

Define multiple resistance

Answer 4

May occur when a population of insects encounters two or more different insecticides and develops multiple different mechanisms against those insecticides

Question 5

Preadaptive resistance

Answer 5

Genes controlling the resistance mechanism are already present in very low frequencies in the population prior to any use of insecticides

Question 6

Behavioral resistance

Answer 6

The development of the ability to avoid a dose that would prove lethal

Question 7

Which three factors affect allele frequency before the application of an insecticide?

Answer 7

• Genetic drift
• Gene flow
• Mutation rate

Question 8

Which three detoxification enzymes are involved in insecticide resistance?

Answer 8

• Glutathione S-Transferases
• Hydrolases
• Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases

Question 9

What are three factors that impact physiological resistance?

Answer 9

• Reduced penetration
• Target site insensitivity
• Enhanced detoxification

Question 10

Resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides is associated with which type of target site insensitivity?

Answer 10

Altered acetylcholinesterase