Insect Identification Flashcards
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Neuroptera?
- 2 pairs of wings, heavily netted
- Wings may be held tent-like over the body or folded over the abdomen
- Long, thread-like antennae
Order?
Siphonaptera (fleas).
Order?
Coleoptera.
Order?
Coleoptera.
Order?
Trichoptera.
Which 3 groups of insects are included in order Megaloptera?
Dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies.
Order?
Ephemeroptera.
Order?
Coleoptera.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Psocoptera?
- Small (a fraction of an inch long)
- Distinct head, with threadlike antennae
- Narrow “neck” between head and thorax
Order?
Orthoptera (katydid).
Order?
Protura.
Order?
Diptera.
Order?
Mantodea.
Order?
Mantodea.
How do you tell the difference between a hymenopteran and a clear-winged moth (family Sessiidae)?
A moth will be covered in scales so that it has shaggy (not fuzzy or hairy) legs and fringes of scales along the edges of its wings.
Which group of insects is included in order Mantodea?
Mantids.
Order?
Hemiptera.
How are sawflies different from other hymenopterans?
There is no narrowing of the abdomen where it meets the thorax (no “waist”).
Which 2 groups of insects are included in order Odonata?
Dragonflies and damselflies.
Order?
Odonata.
What 2 characteristics can be used to identify order Phasmida?
- Resemble a twig, branch, or leaf
- Slow-moving
Order?
Isoptera.
Order?
Embiidina (or Embioptera).
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Thysanoptera?
- Rod-shaped wings with fringe of hair
- Cylindrical body
- Found in flower heads or on plants
Order?
Neuroptera (antlion).
Order?
Isoptera.
What group of insects is included in order Ephemeroptera?
Mayflies.
What 5 characteristics can be used to identify order Siphonaptera?
- Always found on mammals (sometimes birds)
- Hard shell
- No wings
- Strong hind legs for jumping
- Piercing/sucking mouthparts
- (They’re friggin’ fleas)
Which groups of insects are included in order Coleoptera?
Fireflies, scarabs, weevils, ladybugs…. beetles!!
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Coleoptera?
- Chewing mouthparts
- Forewings often meet in a straight line down the back
- Forewings are a hard shell, covering hindwings
Which 2 features are good for identifying adults of order Plecoptera?
- Long tails (cerci)
- Long forewings, held crossed over the back
(Plecoptera are stoneflies; they also have long antennae, and a pair of hindwings protected under the folded forewings.)
Order?
Neuroptera (lacewing).
Order?
Lepidoptera.
Order?
Hymenoptera.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Trichoptera?
- Wings and body covered in hair
- Wings held tent-like over the abdomen
- Caterpillar-like larvae that build cases
Order?
Diplura.
Order?
Hemiptera.
Order?
Grylloblattodea.
Order?
Phthiraptera.
Which 2 groups of insects are included in order Neuroptera?
Lacewings and antlions.
Order?
Ephemeroptera.
Order?
Coleoptera.
What group of insects is included in order Siphonaptera?
Fleas!!
Order?
Mantodea.
Order?
Raphidioptera.
Order?
Neuroptera (lacewing).
Order? Suborder?
Odonata; Zygoptera (damselflies).
Order?
Coleoptera.
Which groups of insects are included in order Diptera?
Flies, mosquitos, gnats, midges…
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Orthoptera?
- Long hindlegs specialized for jumping
- Thick (protective), slender forewings
- Membranous, fan-shaped hindwings
Order?
Raphidioptera.
Order?
Mecoptera.
Order?
Isoptera.
What group of insects is included in order Trichoptera?
Caddisflies.
Order?
Trichoptera.
Order?
Blattodea.
What 5 characteristics can be used to identify order Ephemeroptera?
- Triangular front wings, held up straight (sail-like) over body
- Much smaller hindwings
- 2-3 long threads (“tails”) at end of abdomen
- Long front legs, held out in front
- No mouthparts in adults
Order?
Hemiptera.
Order? Family?
Hymenoptera; Formicidae (ants).
What 2 groups of insects are included in order Phasmida?
Walkingsticks and leaf insects.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Mecoptera?
- 2 pairs of long, slender wings
- Elongated head, like a beak or snout
- Abdomen resembles a scorpion stinger
What 2 characteristics can be used to identify order Raphidioptera?
- Long, snake-like neck
- 2 pairs of membranous wings, folded over the abdomen at rest
Order?
Phasmida.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Thysanura?
- Flat, tapered, segmented body
- Long, thread-like antennae
- 3 long cerci (“tails”)
What 4 characteristics can be used to identify order Hymenoptera?
- 4 membranous wings
- Narrow waist (usually)
- Chewing mouthparts
- Stinger or ovipositor (females)
What group of insects is included in order Thysanoptera?
Thrips.
How can you tell the difference between butterflies and moths?
Butterflies have threadlike antennae, with knobbed or hooked tips; moth antennae have no distinct tip structures and are often feathered.
What 5 characteristics can be used to identify order Phthiraptera?
- No wings
- Eyes small or absent
- Short antennae
- Broad or conical head
- Found on birds and mammals (because they’re lice, gross)
Which groups of insects are included in order Hymenoptera?
Ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies.
Order?
Diptera.
Order?
Phasmida.
Order?
Ephemeroptera.
Order?
Phasmida.
What group of insects is included in order Diplura?
Primitive bristletails.
Order? Suborder?
Odonata; Anisoptera (dragonflies).
What order do cicadas belong to?
Hemiptera.
What are the 2 suborders within order Orthoptera?
Caelifera (grasshoppers) and Ensifera (katydids and crickets).
What order do bedbugs belong to?
Hemiptera.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Strepsiptera?
- Segmented, branching antennae
- Protruding eyes
- Large, fan-shaped hindwings, held twisted over the back at rest (males only - females are wingless)
Order?
Diptera.
What order do water striders belong to?
Hemiptera.
Order?
Orthoptera (Jerusalem cricket).
What 2 groups of insects are included in order Psocoptera?
Barklice and booklice.
Order?
Coleoptera.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Mantodea?
- Elongated, folded forelegs (“praying”)
- Triangular head
- Can turn head from side to side
What order do aphids belong to?
Hemiptera.
Order?
Megaloptera.
Order?
Plecoptera.
What 4 characteristics can be used to identify order Diplura?
- Small (2 inches or less)
- Mostly white
- No eyes
- 2 cerci at the end of the abdomen: long (tail-like) or short (pincer-like)
What 4 characteristics can be used to identify order Hemiptera?
- Piercing/sucking mouthparts
- Wings often crossed over each other
- Forewings half thick, half membranous
- Hindwings smaller, membranous
(Some are wingless!)
What 4 characteristics can be used to identify order Blattodea?
- Flat body
- Spiny legs
- Long antennae
- Protective shell covering most of the head and abdomen
- (it’s a freaking cockroach!!)
Order?
Megaloptera.
Order?
Plecoptera.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Odonata?
- Long, thin body
- Long, slender wings
- Short antennae
How can you tell barklice and booklice apart?
Barklice are ~0.5 inches long, usually have 2 pairs of wings, and usually live outdoors. Booklice are much smaller, wingless, and usually found indoors.
Order?
Isoptera.
Order?
Orthoptera.
Order?
Hymenoptera.
Order?
Coleoptera.
Order?
Ephemeroptera.
What group of insects is included in order Embioptera/Embiidina?
Webspinners.
Which family of moths mimic wasps and bees?
Sessiidae (clear-winged moths).
What group of insects is included in order Mecoptera?
Scorpionflies.
Order?
Archaeognatha.
Order?
Mecoptera.
Order?
Megaloptera.
Order?
Megaloptera.
What group of insects is included in order Grylloblattodea?
Rock/ice crawlers.
Order? Superfamily?
Hymenoptera; Apoidea (bees).
Order?
Coleoptera.
What group of insects is included in order Phthiraptera?
Biting and sucking lice.
Order?
Odonata.
Order?
Plecoptera.
Order?
Coleoptera.
Which groups of insects are included in order Orthoptera?
Grasshoppers, crickets, locusts, and katydids.
What is the difference between ants (family Formicidae) and bees/wasps?
In ants, the metasoma (where the abdomen joins the thorax) is humped and clearly separate from the rest of the abdomen, and the antennae are elbowed with a long first segment.
Order?
Mecoptera.
How can you tell bees apart from wasps?
In bees, the body is hairy or fuzzy, and the first segment of the hind tarsus is large and flattened. Wasps have neither of these characteristics.
Order?
Thysanoptera.
Order?
Hymenoptera.
What 2 groups of insects are included in order Thysanura?
Silverfish and firebrats.
Order?
Odonata.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Isoptera?
- They live in large colonies
- Workers and soldiers are whitish, no wings
- King and queen are dark, with 2 pairs of similarly shaped wings (shed after mating)
Order?
Raphidioptera.
Order?
Trichoptera.
Order?
Dermaptera.
Order?
Coleoptera.
Order? Subgroup?
Hymenoptera; wasp (various families).
Order?
Hemiptera.
Order?
Mecoptera.
What 3 characteristics can be used to identify order Protura?
- No eyes, antennae, cerci, or wings
- Whitish in colour
- Very small (1/10”)
Where are insects of order Megaloptera typically found?
Their larvae are aquatic, and the (short-lived) adults are often found near water.
Order?
Plecoptera.